Freckles: What Is It, Causes, Types and Treatment Options

Freckles are a common skin feature that many people have, but not everyone understands what they are or how they form. While some see freckles as unique and beautiful, others seek ways to reduce their appearance. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about freckles, from their causes to the various treatment options available for you.

What are Freckles?

Freckles are small, dark spots on the skin, often appearing as tan, brown or red. While they’re not harmful, they are commonly a feature of one’s complexion and vary in size, colour and distribution.

Causes of Freckles

Genetic Factors

The formation of freckles is strongly influenced by a person’s genetics. People with fair or light skin colour, blond or red hair, and light-coloured eyes are more likely to develop freckles. The tendency to freckle is inherited, particularly through the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which affects melanin production in the skin.

Sun Exposure

Freckles often develop in response to sun exposure, as UV rays trigger the skin to produce more melanin as a protective response. It is why freckles are commonly found on sun-exposed skin, such as the face, arms, neck, and back. Freckles also tend to be more prominent in the summer and may fade when sun exposure is reduced, such as during autumn or winter.

Types of Freckles

Here are two types of freckles.

Ephelides

Ephelides are the classic freckles often associated with fair skin and red or blonde hair. They appear primarily due to sun exposure and can fade in the winter. These flat freckles are red or light brown and are commonly seen in people of European or North and East Asian descent.

Lentigines

Also known as age or liver spots, these freckles typically present as larger and darker brown spots than ephelides. They are associated with prolonged sun exposure and tend to appear as individuals age, particularly after 40, and do not fade with the seasons.

Feature Ephelides Lentigines
Colour Light tan to reddish-brown Dark brown to black
Size Small (1–2 mm in diameter) Larger (up to several cm in diameter)
Distribution Commonly found on the face, arms, and shoulders Often appear on sun-exposed areas like hands, shoulders, and face
Causes Primarily due to sun exposure Associated with ageing and prolonged sun exposure
Fading Can fade relatively quickly with reduced sun exposure Tend to remain constant and do not fade with seasons
Typical Skin Type More frequent in fair-skinned individuals More common in individuals with any skin type, especially older adults

Freckles vs Sunspots

Although freckles and sunspots might appear similar, they differ in origin and appearance.

  • Freckles are genetic and tend to fade without sun exposure.
  • Sunspots (solar lentigines or age spots) result from prolonged sun exposure and are typically larger and more defined than freckles. Sunspots also tend to persist longer and not fade as easily when sun exposure is reduced.

Freckles vs Moles

Woman with skin imperfections side view

It’s important to distinguish between freckles and moles, as they have different implications for your health.

  • Freckles are flat, light brown, and generally harmless.
  • Moles can be flat or raised. They vary in colour and could become cancerous, especially if they change in size, shape or colour over time.

Treatment Options for Freckles

Several options exist for individuals considering treatments to reduce the appearance of freckles. Below is an overview of some methods available:

1. Topical Treatments

Topical creams and acids can help lighten freckles over time. Common ingredients include alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), hydroquinone and retinoid, which promote skin cell turnover and reduce pigmentation.

2. Chemical Peels

The chemical peel procedure involves applying a solution to exfoliate the top layer of the skin and reveal newer, less pigmented skin beneath. This treatment can reduce the appearance of freckles but may require multiple sessions.

3. Laser Treatment

Laser treatment targets the melanin in freckles, breaking it down so the body can naturally remove it. This treatment may require several sessions for the desired results.

4. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)

IPL uses pulses of light to target pigmentation in the skin and reduce the appearance of freckles. It is typically less aggressive but may require more sessions before freckles become less noticeable.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you notice any changes in your freckles, such as an increase in size, a change in colour, or irregular borders, it’s crucial to consult a doctor. Regular skin checkups are important if you have many freckles to help catch any potential issues early.

Conclusion

Freckles are a common facial feature, especially in individuals with lighter skin tones. While they’re usually harmless, being informed about their causes and the treatments available for you can assist in skin care decisions. If you’re ever in doubt, consult a doctor for advice on how to best care for your skin and monitor any changes.

What Is HIFU? A Beginner’s Guide to Non-Surgical Skin Tightening

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a medically backed, non-invasive treatment that firms and lifts skin, without needles, surgery, or recovery time.

This guide cuts through the noise with a step-by-step overview to help you:

  • Understand how HIFU stimulates collagen at multiple skin depths
  • Learn which facial and body areas it treats effectively
  • Compare HIFU to options like Thermage or Ultherapy
  • Know who it’s suitable for — and when alternatives may be better

Looking for consultation details? Visit our HIFU treatment page.

What Is HIFU?

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive cosmetic treatment that lifts and tightens skin by using focused ultrasound energy to heat deeper layers, including the SMAS (Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System) layer. This stimulation triggers collagen production without requiring surgery, needles, or downtime, making it a recognised method for managing early skin laxity.

Originally developed for medical purposes like tumour ablation, HIFU has been adapted in aesthetic medicine to target deeper structural layers beneath the skin’s surface, bypassing the outer skin entirely. As the targeted tissues are heated, a biological repair process is activated, gradually leading to firmer, tighter, and lifted skin over time.

Want to see how it works on a cellular level?
Go to: How HIFU Works→

Wondering where HIFU can be applied?
See common treatment zones

How Does HIFU Work?

girl on hifu treatment

HIFU works by delivering concentrated ultrasound energy into the dermal, subcutaneous, and SMAS layers of the skin, where the sound waves converge at specific depths to create thermal coagulation points (TCPS) with temperatures between 60°C and 70°C. This process heats targeted tissues without damaging the skin’s surface and initiates controlled micro-injury, activating the body’s natural wound-healing response. As a result, HIFU stimulates neocollagenesis (new collagen production) and promotes tissue remodelling for firmer, tighter skin.

What Happens Beneath the Skin

Biological Process Timing Result
Collagen denaturation Immediate Tightens skin through fibre contraction
Fibroblast activation Days to weeks Stimulates the production of new collagen & elastin
Neocollagenesis + remodelling 8–12 weeks Improves skin firmness, structure, and lift

Because HIFU bypasses the epidermis, healing happens invisibly, with no downtime.

Target Tissue Depths & Their Purpose

Depth Target Tissue Clinical Purpose
1.5 mm Papillary/reticular dermis Fine line reduction, skin texture refinement
3.0 mm Deep dermis Collagen stimulation, skin tightening
4.5 mm SMAS layer Structural lifting (same layer as facelifts)

Note: This targeted approach is what differentiates HIFU from surface treatments. It reaches multiple layers, including foundational structures.

For more on how the device type affects this precision, see Technology in HIFU →

Why Technology Matters in HIFU Treatments

The success of a HIFU treatment depends not only on technique but also on the quality of the device used. Medical-grade HIFU systems are designed to deliver energy at specific depths with regulated pulse strength and consistent thermal concentration, directly influencing patient comfort, collagen production, and overall treatment results. Using medical-grade devices ensures that energy is accurately targeted and helps achieve targeted tightening effects while aiming for patient comfort.

Key Device Features That Impact Outcomes

Feature Why It Matters
Variable-depth cartridges Treats multiple layers — from dermis to SMAS
Pulse control (micro/macro) Customises treatment intensity for delicate vs dense tissue areas
Temperature regulation Prevents overheating or tissue damage
Shot density calibration Ensures even energy distribution and optimal coverage
Medical certification (CE/FDA) Confirms device meets safety and efficacy standards

Devices without this level of control can lead to discomfort, subpar results, or tissue injury.

Our Clinical Devices

At Lux Medical Aesthetic Clinic, we use:

  • Ultraformer III and Ultraformer MPT platforms
  • Micro-pulsed modes for delicate zones (e.g. periorbital region)
  • Macro-focused energy for deeper layers (e.g. jawline, under-chin)
  • Protocols based on skin thickness, treatment area, and response

Curious how this translates into patient experience? Jump to Treatment Journey →

HIFU Results: Effectiveness, Benefits, Side Effects & Maintenance

HIFU supports gradual facial lifting and skin tightening by activating deep collagen remodelling. Most patients may observe changes in firmness, contour, and elasticity over a 12-week period, all without injectables or recovery time.

How Effective Is HIFU?

Studies have indicated HIFU may:

  • Support skin firmness and contour in treated areas
  • Assist in managing early signs of jawline or brow softening
  • Reduce early signs of jowling or under-chin laxity
  • Strengthen the skin’s viscoelastic properties

Collagen production peaks between weeks 8–12, with results may last 12–18 months depending on age, skin density, and energy settings.

Key Benefits of HIFU

Feature Benefit to You
Non-invasive No incisions, no needles, no injectables
Deep-layer targeting Stimulates dermis and SMAS for lasting structural support
Gradual results Lifting develops progressively over 2–3 months
Personalised treatment Adjustable depths and pulse modes tailored to your skin
No downtime Resume normal activities immediately after treatment

Can HIFU Reduce Fat?

While HIFU is not intended for fat loss, macro-focused cartridges may slightly reduce localised fat deposits, such as under the chin. For larger volume reduction, it may be combined with fat-targeting treatments or fillers.

Side Effects

HIFU is considered safe when performed with medical-grade devices by trained professionals. Side effects are usually mild, temporary, and resolve without intervention. These may include slight redness, tingling, or sensitivity in treated areas.

For a full breakdown of recovery symptoms and how long they last, see What to Expect →

Maintenance & Frequency

Most patients need:

  • 1 session per year to maintain results
  • A follow-up at 3–6 months if skin shows moderate laxity or if multi-layer treatment is planned

Your optimal frequency depends on:

  • Age and collagen profile
  • Skin thickness and baseline firmness
  • Lifestyle factors (sun exposure, sleep, skincare)

HIFU is a non-invasive method commonly used for skin rejuvenation, delivering subtle, cumulative lift over time. It’s especially effective for early sagging and those seeking long-term maintenance without drastic change.

How HIFU Customises Treatment Across Different Skin Zones

HIFU treatment areas

HIFU customises its lifting and firming effects by precisely targeting different layers of skin based on the anatomical structure of each zone. Areas such as the jawline, mid-face, and under-chin each require specific energy depths and mapping techniques to achieve natural, progressive results. By adjusting the depth, intensity, and pattern of ultrasound delivery, HIFU addresses the unique laxity, collagen density, and support needs of each treatment zone without affecting the skin’s surface.

Commonly Treated Areas and Concerns

Target AreaConcerns Addressed
Lower Face & JawlineSagging jowls, soft contours, reduced jawline definition, mild double chin
Mid-FaceSkin heaviness, early cheek descent, nasolabial folds, marionette lines
Upper FaceDrooping brows, forehead lines, crow’s feet, hooded eyelids.
Learn about HIFU for the eye area here.
NeckLoose or crepey skin, early signs of “turkey neck”
Under-ChinSubmental fullness, blurred chin-neck definition.
See how HIFU targets the double chin.
DécolletageFine lines, mild skin wrinkling, sun-induced textural changes
BodyMild laxity in the arms, thighs, or abdomen (suitable for selected cases only).
Explore body HIFU applications.

Suitability for body areas is evaluated case by case, based on subcutaneous tissue depth and skin elasticity.

How Treatment Zones Are Customised

Each treatment area requires different energy settings. Practitioners adjust:

  • Cartridge depth (1.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.5 mm)
  • Shot density and overlap mapping
  • Pulse intensity for comfort and tissue response

For example:

  • Brow and eye areas often use micro-pulsed energy for safety and precision
  • Jawline and submental zones may require macro-focused settings to penetrate deeper layers

For more on energy precision and device capability, see: Why Technology Matters →

HIFU can be safely applied to various facial and body zones, but only when tailored to the individual’s skin structure and goals. Treatment planning should always consider anatomical variation and collagen behaviour to ensure safe and natural-looking outcomes.

Who Is HIFU Suitable For?

HIFU is ideal for individuals with mild to moderate skin laxity who seek natural-looking facial lifting without the need for needles, threads, or downtime. The best candidates typically have good skin quality and are beginning to notice early signs of sagging, softened contours, or drooping in key facial areas. HIFU provides a non-surgical option for those looking to tighten and firm their skin before more advanced ageing changes occur.

Ideal Candidates

You’re likely a good fit for HIFU if you:

  • Are aged 30 to 65
  • Show early jowling, brow descent, or under-chin laxity
  • Prefer non-surgical solutions over thread lifts or injectables
  • Have no recent facial implants, fillers, or surgical interventions
  • Are in good health, not pregnant, and have no active skin conditions

HIFU works best for “saggers” (skin laxity) rather than “sinkers” (volume loss). For hollow cheeks or general volume depletion, consider pairing HIFU with fillers or biostimulators.

When HIFU May Not Be Suitable

You may need to consider other options if you:

  • Have severe sagging that may require surgery
  • Have a very lean face, where tightening could worsen hollowing
  • Are healing from recent injectables, threads, or implants
  • Present with active skin conditions or have metal implants/pacemakers near treatment areas

Can HIFU Be Combined with Other Treatments?

Yes. HIFU is often part of a multi-treatment plan, tailored to address more complex concerns.

Combination Clinical Benefit
HIFU + BTX (Botulinum) Lifts tissue while relaxing dynamic wrinkles
HIFU + Fillers Restores volume alongside structural lift
HIFU + Skin Boosters Enhances skin elasticity and hydration post-lifting
HIFU + Threads (spaced) Adds mechanical lift with collagen remodelling over time

Combination protocols must be planned carefully to avoid overstimulation. Always consult a doctor with experience in multimodal aesthetics.

HIFU is most effective for patients who want to intervene early, before sagging becomes advanced. A qualified practitioner will assess your facial anatomy, collagen profile, and skin response to determine if HIFU — or a combination approach — is right for you.

Not sure if you’re a candidate? You can revisit these points in the Final Considerations →

What to Expect During and After HIFU

HIFU is a non-invasive, outpatient procedure, typically lasting 30 to 90 minutes depending on the area treated. Most patients return to normal activities immediately after the session, with results continuing to improve over several weeks.

The Treatment Journey – Step by Step

Doctor in procedure

1. Consultation & Planning

During your visit, your doctor will:

  • Assess facial anatomy, skin thickness, and laxity
  • Identify treatment zones (e.g. jawline, brow, under-chin)
  • Select appropriate cartridge depths (1.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.5 mm) based on your collagen profile and goals

2. Treatment Session

Prep (20–30 minutes):

  • Cleanse skin
  • Apply a topical anaesthetic
  • Apply ultrasound gel for energy transfer

Energy Delivery:

  • Focused ultrasound is applied in lines to mapped areas
  • Thermal coagulation points form at targeted depths, initiating collagen renewal
  • The session takes between 30–90 minutes

Want to understand what happens inside the skin?
See: How HIFU Works →

Is HIFU Painful?

HIFU treatment on the lower face and jawline

Most patients describe:

  • A warm tingling or “zapping” sensation during each shot
  • Deep pressure in dense areas like the jawline
  • Mild sensitivity near bony or thin-skin zones (e.g. brow, temples)

Discomfort is typically mild and temporary. Comfort depends on:

  • Energy level used
  • Skin thickness and area treated
  • Individual tolerance

Treatment settings can be adjusted in real time to balance results and comfort.

Post-Treatment Recovery & Aftercare

There’s no downtime. However, mild effects may occur and typically resolve on their own.

Symptom Expected Duration
Mild redness or warmth Few hours
Puffiness or tenderness 1–3 days
Tingling or tightness Few days
Bruising or numbness (rare) Up to 2 weeks

Aftercare Tips

  • Apply a hydrating moisturiser daily
  • Avoid facial massage, exfoliants, or actives for 3–5 days
  • Skip saunas, hot yoga, and direct heat for 48 hours
  • Use broad-spectrum SPF daily

We will provide you with a full aftercare plan based on your treatment areas.

Timeline of Results

Timeframe What to Expect
Week 1–2 Subtle firmness, early texture improvements
Week 4–8 Visible lift and contour definition
Week 12+ Peak collagen remodelling and tightening
Month 6–12 Maintenance phase begins — results may taper

Most patients require one session per year, though a second may be advised within 3–6 months for additional or layered lifting.

HIFU provides a clearly defined treatment path, with minimal interruption to daily life. Sensations are well tolerated, and results build naturally over 2–3 months.

For expected outcomes and clinical data, revisit: HIFU Treatment Results →

How Does HIFU Compare to Other Skin-Lifting Treatments?

HIFU differs from other non-invasive facial lifting treatments for its ability to target the SMAS layer, the same deep fibromuscular structure addressed in surgical facelifts without incisions or injectables. While HIFU is highly effective for tightening and contouring, other technologies may be better suited for different skin concerns, tissue depths, or treatment goals. The choice depends on individual needs and desired outcomes.

Comparison at a Glance

Treatment Technology Primary Target Best For Downtime
HIFU Focused ultrasound SMAS, deep dermis (3–4.5 mm) Jawline, under-chin, brow lift None
Thermage Monopolar radiofrequency Mid to deep dermis (~1–3 mm) Texture, fine lines, early laxity None
Ultherapy Ultrasound + imaging SMAS with visual mapping Precision lifting, post-surgical asymmetry None
Thread Lift Absorbable sutures SMAS + subcutaneous tissue Immediate lift for moderate to advanced laxity 1–3 days

Why Patients Choose HIFU

  • Reaches the deepest layers of skin non-surgically
  • Uses thermal coagulation zones to trigger long-term collagen production
  • Produces gradual, natural-looking changes over 2–3 months
  • No foreign materials, fillers, or sutures involved

Already seen how it works? Review the technical depth targets →

When Other Treatments May Be More Suitable

Option Better For…
Thermage Thin skin, early wrinkles, surface laxity
Ultherapy Precision cases, asymmetry, post-surgical treatment areas
Thread Lift Moderate to severe sagging needing instant results
Fillers Volume loss in cheeks, temples, or tear troughs

Many patients benefit from a combination protocol, HIFU for lift, paired with fillers or threads for volume and definition.

Always consult a qualified doctor for a treatment plan tailored to your anatomy and goals.

HIFU is best suited for patients seeking a progressive, non-invasive lift without abrupt or artificial results. It offers a long-term collagen-building effect and complements, rather than replaces, other modalities.

Still unsure which option suits your goals? Compare HIFU vs Thermage vs Ultherapy in more depth here.

Considering HIFU in Singapore?

Doctor in procedure

HIFU is a proven non-surgical option for facial lifting and tightening, ideal for those noticing early skin laxity but not yet ready for invasive procedures. It offers progressive results, minimal disruption, and long-term collagen renewal — all in a single session.

Is It Right for You?

HIFU may be suitable if you:

  • Prefer gradual, natural results with no injectables or threads
  • Show early signs of sagging in the brow, cheeks, jawline, or under-chin
  • Want a low-maintenance treatment with results that build over 2–3 months
  • Have good skin quality and are open to annual maintenance

If you’ve had recent thread lifts or fillers, or if volume loss is your main concern, another approach may be more appropriate.

 Not sure? Review full criteria: Who Is HIFU Suitable For? →

What To Do Next

If you are considering non-surgical skin lifting and would like personalised advice, a consultation with a qualified doctor can help determine whether HIFU or an alternative treatment best suits your goals and skin needs.

Consultations involve a full skin assessment, treatment planning, and a discussion of realistic outcomes, with no obligation.

Schedule your HIFU consultation at Lux Medical Aesthetic Clinic

Fungal Acne vs Hormonal Acne: 5 Key Differences & Treatment Options

If you’ve ever struggled with persistent breakouts that don’t seem to go away, you might be dealing with fungal acne or hormonal acne. These two common skin concerns can look similar but have very different causes. While hormonal acne is linked to changes in your body’s hormones, fungal acne is caused by an overgrowth of yeast on the skin. 

Understanding the difference between the two is crucial because using the wrong treatment can worsen things. In this guide, we’ll break down the key differences, symptoms and the best ways to manage each condition so you can finally get the skin you want. 

What is Fungal Acne?

Fungal acne, also known as Malassezia folliculitis or Pityrosporum folliculitis, is a skin condition caused by an overgrowth of the different species of yeast Malassezia. The population of Malassezia can increase significantly when the weather is hot and humid. It also thrives in sweaty areas of the body, including the face and scalp. This overgrowth disrupts the natural balance of skin flora, leading to an infection of the hair follicle.

What is Hormonal Acne?

Fluctuations in hormone levels primarily drive hormonal acne. This type of acne is most common in teenagers, pregnant women and individuals experiencing menstrual cycle or menopause.

Hormonal fluctuations are caused by a spike in androgen levels, which leads to excess sebum production. All that excess oil can clog hair follicles and trap dead skin cells. Combine that with the presence of acne-causing bacteria in the skin, and you have the perfect environment for pimples to grow and thrive.

Hormonal acne can be more challenging to treat due to its internal triggers, often requiring a combination of skincare and hormonal therapies.

Fungal Acne vs Hormonal Acne: The Differences

Understanding the differences between hormonal and fungal acne is key to choosing the right treatment. Here’s a detailed comparison between the two:

Factor Fungal Acne Hormonal Acne
Causes
  • Wearing tight, non-breathable clothing
  • Humid environments and excessive sweating
  • Weakened immune system
  • Certain medications like antibiotics
  • Fluctuations of hormone levels during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy or menopause
  • Stress (increased cortisol level)
  • Consuming high-glycemic food
  • Use of hair or skin care products which can clog pores
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Medical conditions like PCOS, ovarian or metabolic conditions
Symptoms
  • Itchy bumps that often appear in clusters
  • Pimples are usually the same size
  • Worsens during hormonal fluctuations
  • Pimples are often of different sizes
Lesion Type
  • Small, uniform, red bumps
  • Pus-filled bumps (pustules) that are smaller in size than hormonal acne
  • Comedones (blackheads and whiteheads)
  • Small, raised, red bumps caused by inflamed hair follicles (papules)
  • Pus-filled bumps (pustules)
  • Large, painful, solid lumps beneath the skin’s surface (nodules)
  • Deep, painful, pus-filled lesions (cysts)
Location
  • Forehead, cheeks, chin, back, chest and shoulders
  • T-zone (forehead, nose and chin) in teens
  • Lower face (jawline, cheeks) in adults
Depth of Breakouts
  • More superficial
  • Red bumps on the skin’s surface
  • Deeper breakouts
  • Forms cystic lesions

The treatment approach for fungal and hormonal acne differs due to their underlying causes.

Fungal Acne Treatment

  • Topical antifungals. Over-the-counter and prescription creams, gels or shampoos containing ingredients like ketoconazole, econazole, or selenium sulfide can be effective against fungal acne. These are often used as body washes to help eliminate yeast from the skin and prevent fungal infections.
  • Oral antifungals. For more severe cases, dermatologists may prescribe oral antifungal medications such as fluconazole or itraconazole. These are generally more effective because they target the yeast deeper within the hair follicles.
  • Dandruff shampoos. Shampoos containing pyrithione zinc or selenium sulfide can be used as body washes. They help maintain a healthy balance of yeast on the skin and can be used regularly to prevent recurrences.
  • Lifestyle changes. It’s recommended to shower and change out of sweaty clothes immediately after exercise, wear loose-fitting clothing and maintain good hygiene. Limiting sugar and carbohydrates in your diet can also help reduce yeast overgrowth.

Hormonal Acne Treatment

Hormonal acne is primarily treated by addressing the underlying hormonal imbalances. Here are common treatment methods:

  • Topical treatments. Products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid or retinoids can help reduce hormonal acne by unclogging pores and reducing inflammation.
  • Hormonal therapies. Hormonal treatments such as birth control pills can help regulate hormones and reduce acne. Anti-androgen medications like spironolactone may also be prescribed to decrease oil production, helping to prevent hormonal acne. These treatments are particularly beneficial for women.
  • Oral medications. Your doctor might prescribe antibiotics to reduce inflammation and bacterial growth or isotretinoin for persistent acne that does not respond to other treatments. 
  • Lifestyle modifications. Stress management through regular exercise, mindfulness practices and adequate sleep can also help control hormonal fluctuations that trigger acne breakouts. 

Prevention Strategies

Beautiful woman showing her acne with confidence

Fungal and hormonal acne are two distinct skin conditions that require different prevention strategies. Understanding how to prevent these conditions can significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks.

Dietary and Lifestyle Considerations

For Fungal Acne

  • Make sure your skin is sweat-free. Shower promptly after sweating to remove moisture that can promote fungal growth.
  • Wear breathable fabrics. Choose loose-fitting clothing made from natural fibres (e.g., cotton, linen, and bamboo) to enhance air circulation and minimise sweating.
  • Limit sugar and carbohydrate intake. Reduce the intake of sugary and carbohydrate-rich foods, as yeast thrives on these.
  • Good hygiene practices. Avoid reusing sweaty workout clothes without washing them to prevent exposure to bacteria and fungi.

For Hormonal Acne

  • Consume a balanced diet. Prevent hormonal acne by consuming whole foods, including fruits, vegetables and lean proteins. Limit processed food and sugar intake to help regulate hormone levels. 
  • Manage stress levels. Practice stress-management techniques such as exercise, meditation or yoga to control hormonal fluctuations. 
  • Stay hydrated. Ensure adequate water intake to maintain skin hydration and assist in flushing out toxins that may exacerbate your hormonal acne.

Skincare Routine

For Fungal Acne

  • Use antifungal shampoo or face/body wash daily. Incorporate an antifungal shampoo or wash containing ketoconazole or selenium sulfide into your skincare routine once or twice a week.
  • Avoid tight clothing. Wearing loose clothing can reduce skin irritation and prevent fungal growth.

For Hormonal Acne

  • Establish a consistent skincare regimen that includes the following:
    • Gentle cleansing. A mild cleanser removes excess oil and impurities without stripping the skin of much-needed moisture.
    • Exfoliation. To prevent clogged pores, incorporate gentle exfoliation. Popular exfoliating products include salicylic acid, retinoic acid and glycolic acid.
    • Non-comedogenic products. Choose makeup and skincare products labelled as non-comedogenic to avoid clogging pores that trigger the formation of hormonal acne.

By following these dietary, lifestyle and skincare strategies, individuals can manage the risk of fungal and hormonal acne. Regular consultations with a qualified aesthetic practitioner are essential for tailored advice and treatment options.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you’re struggling with persistent acne that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter treatments or is unsure whether your acne is fungal or hormonal, consider consulting an aesthetic doctor. They can help assess your skin concerns and recommend appropriate treatments to manage acne and prevent future breakouts.

At Lux Medical Aesthetic Clinic, we’re here to help you understand your skin better and offer care tailored to your needs. Explore our services to learn about treatment options and professional advice for managing fungal and hormonal acne.

Conclusion

While both types of acne breakouts can appear similar, their causes, symptoms and treatment options differ significantly. 

Hormonal acne is primarily caused by internal factors such as hormonal fluctuations and genetics. This condition often requires a combination of skin care products and medical treatments to manage sebum production and prevent clogged pores. 

In contrast, fungal acne results from an overgrowth of yeast within the hair follicles. It typically requires antifungal treatments and lifestyle adjustments to reduce excess moisture and prevent further yeast growth.

By identifying the type of acne you have and following the appropriate treatment strategies, you can improve the appearance of your skin. Always consult a qualified doctor for personalised advice and acne treatments.

Fungal Acne: What it is, Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Acne is a common skin concern, but not all acne is the same. If you’ve been struggling with persistent, itchy bumps that don’t respond to traditional acne medications, you might be dealing with fungal acne. Unlike regular acne, fungal acne has distinct causes and requires a different treatment approach.

In this article, we’ll explore what it is and what causes fungal acne. You’ll also learn about its symptoms, treatment options and different prevention tips.

What is Fungal Acne?

Fungal acne, medically known as Malassezia folliculitis or Pityrosporum folliculitis, is not true acne. It results from an overgrowth of a type of yeast called Malassezia, which lives on the skin and is usually harmless. When this yeast penetrates and infects the hair follicles, it causes inflammation and triggers acne-like symptoms. 

Unlike bacterial acne, fungal acne often appears as small, uniform red bumps and is frequently accompanied by itchiness.

What Causes Fungal Acne

So, what are the causes of fungal acne? It occurs when there is an imbalance in the skin’s natural microbiome, particularly caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia fungus. While this yeast is usually harmless, certain factors can encourage its proliferation.

showing the back of a woman with excessive sweating
  • Humidity and sweat. High humidity and excessive sweating create a warm, damp environment that promotes yeast growth.
  • Frequent use of heavy skincare products. Oil-based or heavy products can clog pores, trap moisture and provide a breeding ground for yeast.
  • Wearing tight synthetic clothing. Non-breathable or tight clothing can trap heat and moisture against the skin, fostering an environment suitable for unchecked yeast growth.
  • Risk Factors:
    • Oily skin. Excessive oil production can trap sweat and yeast.
    • Certain medications. Antibiotics, especially if used for a prolonged period, can disrupt the skin’s natural flora, favouring yeast overgrowth.
    • Immunosuppression. Individuals with weakened immune systems due to certain conditions may be more susceptible to fungal acne.

Symptoms of Fungal Acne

Fungal acne symptoms often present themselves differently from bacterial acne. Here are the common symptoms:

  • Itchy bumps. The most common symptom is the presence of small, itchy red bumps on the skin. 
  • Uniform appearance. The bumps are usually uniform in size and shape, often appearing in clusters or waves. They typically range from 1 to 2 mm in diameter and may sometimes develop into whiteheads or small pustules containing pus.
  • Location. Fungal acne commonly occurs on areas of the body with hair follicles, such as the upper back, shoulders, chest and face, particularly the forehead and cheeks.
  • Redness and irritation. The affected areas may exhibit redness and irritation, with the discomfort potentially worsening due to humidity and sweating.
  • Persistent symptoms. Fungal acne can be recurrent and may worsen during hot and humid conditions. It often does not respond to conventional acne treatments, necessitating specific antifungal treatments.

How It Differs from Regular Acne

Understanding the differences between fungal and bacterial acne is crucial for effective treatment. Here’s a quick comparison between the two types of acne:

Characteristic Fungal Acne (Malassezia Folliculitis) Regular Acne (Acne Vulgaris)
Cause Yeast overgrowth Clogged pores due to oil, dead skin, and bacteria
Appearance Small, uniform red bumps Variety of lesions: blackheads, whiteheads, pustules, nodules, cysts
Itchiness Often itchy Rarely itchy
Response to Treatments Doesn’t respond to traditional acne treatments Responds to antibacterial treatments like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid
Location Forehead, hairline, chin, upper back, chest, shoulders Commonly on the face (forehead, cheeks, chin, nose), back, shoulders

Treatment Options for Fungal Acne

Want to know how to get rid of fungal acne? Effectively managing this skin condition involves addressing the underlying yeast overgrowth. Here are some possible options:

Over-the-Counter Fungal Acne Treatment

Several over-the-counter topical treatments can help manage fungal acne by reducing yeast on the skin:

  • Antifungal cream. Look for creams containing ketoconazole, clotrimazole or miconazole. These ingredients work by inhibiting the growth of Malassezia.
  • Antifungal shampoo. Shampoos containing pyrithione zinc can be used as a body wash on affected areas to reduce yeast overgrowth.

Prescription Medications

If over-the-counter options are ineffective, a healthcare professional may prescribe stronger acne treatments. Medications like fluconazole or itraconazole are often prescribed to treat fungal acne in severe cases. These work systemically to reduce yeast from within the body.

How To Prevent Fungal Acne

Preventing fungal acne involves maintaining a balance in your skin’s microbiome and creating an environment less conducive to yeast overgrowth.

Skincare Routine Tips

  • Avoid using heavy, oil-based makeup or skincare products that can trap moisture and oil on your skin.
  • Use products with antifungal ingredients like tea tree oil, zinc pyrithione or sulfur to keep yeast at bay.
  • Shower immediately after exercise or sweating to remove yeast and sweat from the skin.
  • Choose sunscreens labelled as non-comedogenic to prevent clogged pores.

Lifestyle Changes

Adopting certain lifestyle habits can also help prevent fungal acne. Here are some tips:

  • Choose lightweight, moisture-wicking fabrics that allow the skin to breathe.
  • Change clothing frequently to reduce the amount of moisture on the skin.
  • Keep skin clean and dry, especially in hot, humid weather or after bathing. Pat the skin dry instead of rubbing. 
  • Refrain from sharing your personal items like towels, washcloths or clothing with others to prevent fungus spread.
  • Manage stress, as high cortisol levels can impair the immune system and make you more prone to fungal infections. 
  • Consume a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and probiotics to support skin and immune health. Limit the consumption of refined carbs and sugary foods.
  • Seek professional help if symptoms persist despite home treatment. Doctors can prescribe antifungal medications if needed.

Products to Avoid

Certain ingredients in skincare products can exacerbate fungal acne. Here’s a list of ingredients to be cautious of:

  • Oils. If you’re prone to acne, avoid applying oils on your skin, as they can promote the growth of Malassezia yeast. Products containing fatty acids such as lauric, linoleic, palmitic and oleic should be avoided, as these can nourish the fungus.
  • Heavy creams and moisturisers. Thick, occlusive creams can trap moisture on your skin and create an environment conducive to yeast growth.

When to Seek Professional Advice

When dealing with fungal acne, it’s essential to recognise when to seek professional advice to ensure appropriate treatment and avoid worsening the condition. Here are key indicators for when to consult with a professional: 

  • Fungal acne symptoms that persist despite home treatments or over-the-counter remedies. 
  • Typical acne treatments (like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid) are not improving your condition.
  • Itchiness or discomfort associated with your skin condition becomes severe or intolerable.
  • You experience recurring outbreaks of fungal acne that might require treatments to prevent future occurrences.
  • The condition worsens, spreads to new areas or becomes increasingly inflamed.

A qualified aesthetic doctor is essential for providing the right diagnosis and developing a fungal acne treatment plan tailored to your needs. For personalised advice and treatment, feel free to contact Lux Medical Clinic.

Conclusion

Fungal acne can be a persistent and challenging condition, but it can be managed with the correct understanding and approach. You can keep your skin healthy and clear by recognising its unique causes and symptoms and adopting suitable treatments and preventive measures.

Consider consulting with a qualified doctor if you’re ever in doubt or need professional guidance.

Blackheads: What is, Causes, Symptoms, 4 Treatments, and Prevention

Blackheads are a common skin concern for many people, regardless of age or gender. It can be frustrating to deal with and may even impact one’s self-confidence.

This post offers an in-depth look into what blackheads are, their causes, their symptoms, and the various treatment options available. We’ll also provide practical advice on preventing blackheads from forming in the first place.

By the end of this article, you’ll understand how to manage and prevent blackheads.

What are Blackheads?

Blackheads, also known as open comedones, are small, dark spots that appear on the skin’s surface. They form when:

  • Oil and dead skin cells accumulate in the opening of a hair follicle
  • The plug or clog becomes oxidised, turning dark when exposed to air
  • The skin over the bump stays open, giving blackheads their characteristic black appearance

The black colour isn’t due to dirt but is a result of the oxidisation of the material trapped in the pore when it comes into contact with air.

Causes of Blackheads

Blackheads are primarily caused by a combination of factors that lead to clogged pores. Understanding these causes can help prevent and treat blackheads effectively.

Excess Oil Production (Sebum)

The skin’s sebaceous gland produces sebum (oil) to keep the skin hydrated. However, hormonal changes—such as those occurring during puberty, menstruation, or hormonal disorders—can lead to increased sebum production, contributing to blackhead formation.

Common factors that increase oil production include:

  • Diet: High-glycemic foods and dairy products may trigger excess oil production.
  • Stress: High stress levels can result in hormonal fluctuations, resulting in more oil.
  • Humidity: High humidity can increase oiliness in the skin.
  • Certain Medications: Some medications can stimulate oil production as a side effect.

Dead Skin Cell Accumulation

The skin naturally sheds dead skin cells, but when this process is disrupted, it can lead to a buildup that clogs pores. This accumulation, combined with excess oil, creates the perfect environment for blackheads to form.

Here’s a comparison of normal skin shedding vs. excessive dead skin accumulation:

Skin Condition Normal Skin Shedding Excessive Dead Skin Accumulation
Cell Turnover Rate Regular shedding every 28 days Slower shedding, leading to buildup
Pore Appearance Clear and unobstructed Clogged and enlarged
Skin Texture Smooth and even Rough and uneven

Genetics and Skin Types

Your genetics and skin type can also predispose you to blackheads. Oily skin, for instance, is more prone to blackhead formation, while some people naturally produce more sebum due to their genetic makeup.

Skin Type Susceptibility to Blackheads
Oily Skin High
Dry Skin Low
Combination Skin Moderate

Some genetic factors that can influence skin behaviour include:

  • Family History: A tendency for acne or oily skin may run in families.
  • Hormonal Sensitivity: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to react more strongly to hormonal changes, increasing oil production.
  • Skin Texture: Genetic factors can affect how skin sheds dead cells and structures pores.

Symptoms and Appearance

Understanding blackheads’ appearance, common locations, and persistence can help aid in effective management and treatment.

Appearance of blackheads

Blackheads are typically characterised by:

  • Size: They are small, often measuring 1-2 mm in diameter.
  • Visibility: The dark centre is due to the oxidation of melanin when the clogged pore is exposed to air, not dirt.
  • Texture: They are slightly raised but not inflamed or painful, distinguishing them from other types of acne, like pimples.

Quick Facts About Blackhead Appearance:

  • Blackheads are open comedones, meaning the pore is open at the surface.
  • They can appear on various skin types and are more noticeable on oily skin.
  • Unlike whiteheads, which are closed comedones, blackheads do not have a white or yellow tip.

Locations of blackheads

Blackheads can appear on various parts of the body, though they are most commonly found on the face, particularly the nose, forehead, and chin. They can also appear on the back, neck, chest, and shoulders.

Body Area Frequency
Face Very common
Back Common
Chest Less common

Duration and Persistence

Blackheads may remain on the skin for an extended period if not addressed. Factors contributing to persistent blackheads include:

  • Inadequate cleansing routines
  • Use of comedogenic (pore-clogging) products
  • Environmental pollutants

Treatment Options

How to remove blackheads? There are four common treatment options:

Over-the-counter treatments

For those looking to manage blackheads at home, over-the-counter (OTC) treatments can be effective. Skin products that contain salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide help exfoliate the skin and clear out pores.

  • Salicylic Acid Cleanser: A gentle cleanser that penetrates pores to dissolve oil and dead skin.
  • Benzoyl Peroxide Gel: A topical treatment that reduces bacteria and helps clear blackheads.

Prescription Medications

For more stubborn cases, prescription treatments like retinoids can be considered. Retinoids help speed up cell turnover, preventing the clogging of pores.

When to Consider Prescription Options:

  • When OTC products are ineffective
  • For severe or persistent blackheads
  • When blackheads are part of a broader acne issue

Professional Treatments

Professional treatments like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and extractions are options that a qualified doctor can perform.

Treatment Type Pros Cons
Chemical Peels Exfoliates skin deeply, removes dead cells It may cause irritation, and multiple sessions may be needed
Microdermabrasion Smooths skin texture, removes clogs Multiple sessions may be needed
Manual Extractions Immediate results Risk of scarring if not done properly

Preventing Blackheads

Individuals can minimise the occurrence of blackheads and maintain clearer skin by prevention. It includes effective skincare routines, lifestyle adjustments, and regular facial treatments.

Daily Skincare Routine

Front view korean woman doing skin care routine
  • Cleansing: Use a gentle, oil-free cleanser twice daily to remove excess oil and dead skin without over-drying the skin. Do this in the morning and evening.
  • Exfoliation: Exfoliating skin can help remove dead skin cells that can clog pores. Look for skin products with AHAs or BHAs, such as salicylic acid. Do this once or twice a week.
  • Non-Comedogenic Products: Choose makeup and skincare products labelled as non-comedogenic (formulated not to clog pores).

Don’t forget to moisturise your skin and use sunscreen to protect skin from UV damage.

Lifestyle Factors

Lifestyle choices can significantly impact blackhead formation. Key factors include:

  • Diet: A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains may promote healthier skin.
  • Stress: High stress levels can lead to hormonal changes that increase oil production, contributing to blackheads.
  • Hydration: Drinking sufficient water helps maintain skin hydration and overall health.

Regular Facial Treatments

Regular facials, including extractions, can help prevent dead skin cells and sebum buildup that lead to blackheads. Opt for treatments that focus on deep cleansing and pore refinement.

Facial Type Benefits
Deep Cleansing Facial Removes impurities, unclogs pores
Hydrating Facial Balances oil production, hydrates skin

Related Skin Conditions

Understanding blackheads in the context of other skin conditions provides a view of how different types of comedones and skin imperfections interact and can influence one another.

Acne and Other Comedones

Blackheads belong to a broader family of acne known as comedonal acne, which includes other forms like whiteheads and pustules. Whiteheads or closed comedones occur when these substances remain trapped beneath the skin’s surface, while pustules are inflamed lesions filled with pus.

Type of Comedone Appearance Location Treatment Options
Blackheads Open, darkened pore Commonly on the face OTC treatments, exfoliation
Whiteheads Closed, white-tipped Face, neck, shoulders Topical treatments, extraction
Pustules Red, swollen, painful Anywhere on the body Prescription medications, topical treatments

Enlarged Pores

When the pores are clogged with oil and dead skin cells, they may appear larger and more visible on the skin’s surface. Regular exfoliation and pore-tightening treatments can help manage this issue.

Impact of Blackheads on Skin Health

While primarily seen as a cosmetic issue, blackheads can impact skin health and well-being.

How to Address the Emotional Impact of Blackheads:

  • Seek professional skincare advice.
  • Focus on holistic skin health rather than just appearance.
  • Remember that blackheads are common and treatable.

Long-Term Skin Health

Untreated blackheads can lead to more significant skin issues, such as scarring or persistent acne. For long-term skin health, maintain a regular skincare routine.

Long-term Consequences Prevention Tips
Scarring Avoid picking or squeezing blackheads
Persistent Acne Use appropriate treatments early

Myths and Misconceptions About Blackheads

Misinformation about blackheads can lead to ineffective skincare practices that potentially worsen the condition.

Pore Size and Blackheads

There are many myths surrounding pore size and blackhead removal. For instance, pore strips may offer temporary results but do not address the root cause of blackheads.

Myth Fact
Pore strips shrink pores Pores don’t shrink but can appear smaller
Blackheads are caused by dirt Blackheads result from oxidised oil and cells

Conclusion

Blackheads are a common but manageable skin concern. By understanding them, from their causes to the treatment options, you can help prevent and treat blackheads effectively.

For persistent or recurring blackheads, consulting a doctor can provide tailored advice for your skin.

Boxcar Scars: What They Are, Causes and Treatment Options

Are you looking for a way to make those boxcar scars less noticeable? Understanding the nature of these scars, their underlying causes and the treatment options available can help reduce their appearance. This article aims to provide comprehensive information on this skin condition and guide you towards suitable treatments.

What are Boxcar Scars?

A boxcar scar is an atrophic scar characterised by broad, shallow depressions with well-defined edges. Unlike other atrophic acne scars, boxcar scars are usually oval or round. This gives the skin a pitted or uneven texture. Boxcar scars can vary in depth, with some being quite shallow and others more pronounced.

What Causes Boxcar Acne Scars?

The causes of boxcar scars primarily revolve around skin trauma and inflammatory conditions. Severe acne is the most common cause, particularly nodular or cystic acne.

How do boxcar scars form? When the skin is damaged, it typically produces collagen to aid skin repair. However, in the case of acne, the intense inflammatory response can cause the breaking down of collagen fibres within the dermis. As the skin heals, inadequate collagen production forms depressed areas on the skin’s surface.

Conditions like chickenpox and other skin damage can also contribute to how boxcar scars form, as they involve similar inflammatory processes that disrupt the skin’s structure.

Boxcar Scars vs. Other Acne Scars

Boxcar scars differ from other types of acne scars, like ice pick scars and rolling scars, in their appearance and formation. Here’s an overview of the differences between these types of scars.

Type of ScarAppearanceDescription
Boxcar ScarsBroad, shallow depressions with well-defined edgesBoxcar scars can be shallow or deep. Deeper variants extend into the reticular dermis – the inner layer with connective tissues that support the skin.
Ice Pick ScarsDeep, narrow pits that extend into the dermisIt can penetrate deeply into the dermis, sometimes reaching the hypodermis
Rolling ScarsWavy structure with sloping edgeThey are shallower than ice pick and boxcar scars and have sloped edges due to tethering of the dermis to the underlying tissue.

Treatment Options for Boxcar Scars

Treating boxcar scars involves a variety of options, each with its benefits and considerations. Multiple treatments may be recommended together, as each option can complement the others, potentially enhancing skin texture and appearance.

Surgical Method

subcision treatment done for acne scar

Surgical methods offer options for the treatment of boxcar scars. These approaches generally focus on removing or altering scar tissue to enhance skin texture and appearance.

Punch excision. This scar treatment involves excising the scarred tissue using a surgical punch. After the excision, the surrounding skin is stitched together. As the skin heals, new skin forms, creating a much smaller and less noticeable scar. This treatment can be used for deep boxcar scars.

Subcision. Subcision is a minimally invasive procedure with a small needle inserted into the skin beneath the scar. The needle cuts the fibrous bands that tether the scar to the underlying skin tissue, lifting the scar. The mechanism relies on the body’s natural healing process, as new collagen formation occurs during recovery, gradually reducing the scar’s appearance and skin texture.

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy utilises beams of laser energy to target specific layers of the skin, promoting skin renewal and collagen production.

  • Ablative laser therapy. It works by removing the outer layers of the skin, which encourages the body to heal and regenerate new skin. One of the most widely known ablative laser therapies used in aesthetic procedures is fractional CO2 laser. The mechanism involves emission of short-pulsed light energy that penetrates the skin, removing layers of scarred tissue and promoting new skin growth.

Microneedling

intracel microneedling

Microneedling, also called collagen induction therapy, is a treatment that involves stamping with fine needles to create controlled micropunctures in the skin. This stimulates the body’s natural healing process, resulting in increased collagen production, which improves skin texture and reduces the visibility of atrophic scars. At Lux Medical, we use a Radiofrequency Microneedling device to help further improve acne scarring. The microneedles give off radiofrequency at its tips to further stimulate collagen growth and help smoothen acne scars.

Chemical Peel

Chemical peels accelerate skin renewal by using chemical agents to remove damaged outer layers of skin. This triggers the body’s natural healing process, increasing collagen production. As new skin cells form, they can help fill in depressions caused by acne scars to reduce their visibility.

The common peeling agents are TCA , glycolic acid,. Different peeling agents come in different concentrations and are used depending on the penetration depth.

Dermal Fillers

Dermal fillers plump the skin from underneath, filling in the depressions caused by acne scars. When injected into the boxcar scars, fillers help to elevate the indented areas. Most fillers can provide quick and noticeable improvements in the appearance of boxcar scars.

The most commonly used fillers for this purpose include:

  • Hyaluronic acid fillers. It provides immediate volume and can stimulate collagen production over time.
  • Poly-L-lactic acid fillers. It works by stimulating collagen production to plump the skin gradually and reduce the appearance of scars.

How To Prevent Boxcar Acne Scars

Preventing boxcars and other acne scarring starts with early intervention, a proper skincare routine and proactive treatment strategies. With the right approach, it is possible to reduce breakouts, inflammation and reduce the risk of scarring.

1. Treat acne promptly

applying skin care product into the skin with acne

Addressing acne in its early stages is crucial to preventing long-term skin issues, including scarring. Timely treatment can help reduce inflammation and control breakouts.

Products containing benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids can be effective for mild acne. However, it is essential to consult a skincare professional who can recommend appropriate treatments, including prescription medications or specialised therapies for more severe cases. 

At Lux Aesthetic Clinic, we are dedicated to helping you manage acne and reduce the likelihood of scar formation. Schedule a consultation to start with a personalised journey towards clearer skin. – can be promotional since this is a blog

2. Opt for a gentle skincare routine

Look for cleansers, moisturisers and treatments without harsh chemicals, fragrances and alcohol, as these can exacerbate inflammation or disrupt the skin’s natural barrier. In addition, using non-comedogenic products designed not to clog pores can help prevent acne formation.

3. Hands off your face

Avoid picking or squeezing pimples, as it can worsen inflammation and increase the likelihood of scar formation. Touching your face can also cause the spread of bacteria and can irritate inflamed skin.

4. Use sun protection

Ultraviolet (UV) rays can delay the healing process by triggering inflammation, worsening scarring and existing acne. To minimise these effects, apply sunscreen consistently. Use a broad-spectrum oil free sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher and apply it repeatedly throughout the day.

5. Healthy lifestyle

A balanced diet of antioxidants and vitamins A, E and zinc can help prevent acne and support skin health. Staying hydrated helps maintain skin elasticity, while adequate sleep and stress management may help prevent acne breakouts.

Cost of Boxcar Treatment in Singapore

The cost of treating boxcar scars depends on various factors, like the type of treatment, the severity of the scars and the expertise of aesthetic professionals. Additionally, patients should consider the potential need for multiple sessions, which can impact overall costs.

We recommend scheduling a consultation with licensed dermatologists or aesthetic doctors to obtain detailed pricing estimates tailored to your needs and treatment plans.

Are boxcar scars permanent?

Boxcar scars are generally permanent, but their appearance can be reduced with various atrophic scar treatments. Consistent and targeted treatment can reduce the visibility of these scars over time.

Can boxcar scars be completely removed?

Removing boxcar scars completely is often challenging, especially for old and deep scars. While treatments can help manage their appearance, achieving a flawless, scar-free result is unlikely. 

Treatment outcomes can include an improved skin texture and less noticeable scarring. It also depends on several factors, including the severity of the scars, the individual’s skin type and the chosen treatment method.

How long does it take to see results from treatments?

Improvements from treatment can vary depending on the treatment method and the severity of the scars.

  • Immediate results. The results from dermal fillers are immediate, but they are temporary. They typically last from several months to a year, depending on the type of filler used. 
  • Gradual improvement. Laser therapy, Radiofrequency microneedling and chemical peels can help manage the appearance of scars over several weeks or months. Multiple sessions are often required.

Following the recommended treatment plan and aftercare instructions is essential for the best outcome. Treatment outcomes may also vary from person to person. Consult an aesthetic doctor to determine which treatment plan suits your specific concerns.

Conclusion

Boxcar scars can be a challenging skin concern. But with a clear understanding of their causes and available treatment options, you can make informed decisions to minimise their appearance and enhance overall skin health. While complete scar removal may not always be possible, various methods can achieve improvements.

Rolling Scars: What They Are, Causes, Treatment Options & 5 Tips

Everyone wants clear and smooth skin. The reality is it can sometimes be hard to achieve without some intervention, especially for people experiencing acne. There are scars acne can leave behind, and one of them is rolling scars. This atrophic scar is characterised by indents formed in the skin that give it a wavy, uneven texture.

If you’re looking for a treatment to reduce the appearance of rolling acne scars, then this blog is for you. Learn about this particular type of scar and get practical advice on managing and potentially reducing their appearance. You’ll also learn five essential tips for improving your skin texture and reducing the impact of these scars.

What Are Rolling Scars?

Rolling scars are a type of acne scar that appear as wave-like depressions on the skin. They are typically wider than other acne scarring and have a rounded, irregular shape. These scars form when fibrous bands of tissue develop between the skin and the underlying subcutaneous tissue, pulling the epidermis down and creating a rolling or undulating appearance.

Rolling acne scars are distinct from other types of depressed acne scars (atrophic scars), such as icepick and boxcar scars. Ice pick scars are narrow, deep and pitted, resembling the puncture marks made by an ice pick. On the other hand, boxcar scars are broad with well-defined edges, giving them a box-like appearance. 

Rolling acne scars are more subtle and have a smoother edge, making them appear less severe but more widespread.

Causes of Rolling Scars

Rolling acne scars typically arise from significant acne outbreaks, especially from the more intense forms such as cystic acne. These acne scars form when severe inflammation disrupts the underlying collagen and elastin fibres, creating fibrous bands beneath the skin’s surface.

As the body heals from acne lesions, it attempts to regenerate damaged skin by producing new collagen fibres. However, this regeneration does not occur uniformly or adequately. Disproportionate or excessive collagen production can result in uneven skin texture and the development of rolling scars. The severity of these acne scarring often mirrors the initial intensity of the inflammation.

Beyond acne, there are other factors that may influence the likelihood of developing rolling scars. Mechanical factors like picking or squeezing blemishes can intensify inflammation and heighten the chance of scarring. Genetics also plays a pivotal role; individuals with a family history of rolling acne scars may have a higher predisposition to experience similar skin issues.

Treatment Options for Rolling Scars

fractional co2 laser

There are several treatment options for rolling scars, each with benefits and considerations. Here’s a closer look at some of the common methods for treating acne scars.

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is a common treatment for rolling scars. It uses concentrated laser energy to remove layers of scarred skin, encouraging the growth of new, healthy skin. Different types of laser treatments are available, including ablative and non-ablative lasers. 

Ablative lasers are more aggressive and remove the top layer of skin, while non-ablative lasers stimulate collagen production without damaging the surface. Only ablative lasers, such as fractional CO2 lasers, are effective for treating acne scars. Recovery times vary depending on the type of laser treatment used, but patients can generally expect to see improvements within a few sessions.

Radiofrequency Microneedling

Microneedling involves using a device with fine needles to create tiny, superficial punctures in the skin. This process stimulates the body’s natural healing response, promoting collagen and elastin production. Microneedling can be particularly effective for rolling scars as it targets the fibrous bands beneath the skin. 

One variation, known as Intracel, combines microneedling with radiofrequency (RF) energy, delivering heat into the deeper layers of the skin to further stimulate collagen production and promote skin tightening — making it especially effective for atrophic scars like rolling and boxcar scars. The treatment can also be combined with other therapies, such as topical serums, to enhance results. 

Recovery is usually quick, with most patients experiencing mild redness and swelling for a few days and improvements becoming more noticeable over the following weeks as collagen rebuilds.

Chemical Peels

Chemical peels involve applying a chemical solution to the skin, which causes the top layers to peel off, revealing smoother, unscarred skin underneath. There are different types of chemical peels, ranging from superficial to deep. 

Superficial peels are gentle and require minimal downtime, while deeper peels offer more dramatic results but involve a longer recovery period. Chemical peels can help reduce the appearance of rolling acne scars by promoting the regeneration of healthy skin cells.

Dermal Fillers

Dermal fillers are injectable substances used to fill in depressed scars, smoothing out the skin’s surface. They can provide immediate results, making rolling acne scars less noticeable. Both temporary and long-term fillers are available. 

Temporary fillers, like hyaluronic acid, last several months. Meanwhile, poly-L-lactic acid and other longer-term options can provide results that last up to two years. Dermal fillers are a good option for those looking for a quick fix with minimal downtime.

Subcision

Subcision is a minor surgical procedure where a needle is inserted under the skin to break up the fibrous bands causing the scar. This technique releases the tension, pulling the skin down and allowing it to lift and smooth out. Subcision is often combined with other treatments, such as microneedling or laser resurfacing. Recovery time is relatively short, with most patients experiencing bruising and swelling for a few days to a week.

5 Tips To Prevent Rolling Scars

Beautiful smiling asian

Preventing rolling acne scars involves managing acne effectively and taking care of your skin. Here are five practical tips to help you in treating acne scars and keep your skin clear and scar-free.

Maintain a Consistent Skincare Routine

A daily skincare routine is crucial for preventing acne and minimising scarring. Start with a gentle cleanser to remove dirt and oil, followed by an exfoliator to unclog pores and remove dead skin cells. Finish with a moisturiser to keep your skin hydrated. Regular care can prevent acne from becoming severe enough to cause scarring.

Use the Right Skincare Products

Choosing the right skincare products can make a significant difference in preventing acne and scarring. Look for products containing ingredients like retinoids, salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide, which are effective against acne. Salicylic acid helps to exfoliate the skin and unclog pores, and benzoyl peroxide kills acne-causing bacteria, and retinoids promote cell turnover. Be sure to select products suitable for your skin type to avoid irritation.

Follow a Healthy Diet

Diet plays a crucial role in skin health. Foods rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins can promote clear skin and reduce inflammation. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, nuts and fish into your diet. 

Avoid high-glycaemic foods, such as sugary snacks and refined carbohydrates, which can trigger acne breakouts. Maintaining a balanced diet can help keep your skin healthy and less prone to scarring.

Implement Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Acne

Lifestyle changes can also help prevent acne and, consequently, rolling scars. Reduce stress through relaxation techniques, such as meditation or yoga, as stress can worsen acne. Ensure you get enough sleep to allow your skin to repair itself. 

Avoid habits that can exacerbate acne, like touching your face frequently or using dirty makeup brushes. Regular exercise and staying hydrated are also essential for maintaining clear skin.

Seek Professional Advice When Needed

If you have persistent or severe acne, it’s important to consult a professional. Our practitioners at Lux Aesthetic Clinic can provide treatment options to minimise the risk of acne scarring and offer recommendations on products and routines for your specific skin condition. 

Cost of Rolling Scar Treatments in Singapore

Treating rolling acne scars varies in cost depending on the chosen method and the severity of the scars. Here’s a general pricing range for acne scar treatments in Singapore:

Treatment Average Cost Per Session
Laser Therapy $200 – $1000
Microneedling $300 – $2000
Chemical Peels $150 – $600
Dermal Fillers $500 – $1500
Subcision $400 – $1000

Contact us to check if the treatment is available at our clinic and get a quote based on your needs.

Can Rolling Scars Heal on Their Own?

Unfortunately, rolling acne scars do not heal on their own. They result from a loss of collagen in the skin, leading to those wave-like depressions. While the appearance of these scars may become less noticeable over time, they won’t completely disappear without medical intervention. Medical treatments can reduce their visibility, improving the skin’s texture and appearance.

What Is the Best Age to Start Treating Rolling Scars?

Starting treatment for acne as early as possible is beneficial. The right age for acne scar treatment depends on the individual, but generally, once acne is under control, it’s advisable to begin scar treatment. Younger skin tends to heal faster and respond better to treatments, making early intervention essential. However, treatments are available for individuals of all ages.

How Long Does It Take to See Results from Rolling Scar Treatments?

The timeline can vary based on the treatment you have chosen, your skin type, and scar severity. Here’s an overview of the expected time frames:

  • Laser therapy. Initial improvements can be seen within 1-3 months, with full results visible after several sessions.
  • Microneedling. Noticeable changes typically occur within a few weeks, with continued improvements over several months.
  • Chemical peels. Results can be seen after the skin has healed, usually within a few weeks.
  • Dermal fillers. Immediate improvement is visible, with results lasting several months to years, depending on the type of filler.
  • Subcision. Results are gradual, with improvements seen over several months as the skin heals and collagen production increases.

Is It Possible to Completely Remove Rolling Scars?

Complete removal of rolling scars is challenging, but significant improvement is achievable. Treatments can reduce the visibility of scars, smooth out the skin’s texture and improve overall appearance. Setting expectations and understanding that multiple acne scar treatments may be necessary can help you achieve optimal results.

Can I Combine Different Treatments for Better Results?

Combining treatments can enhance rolling scar therapy. For example, microneedling can be paired with PDRN or exosome serums, and subcision can be followed by laser therapy. Consulting with our practitioner can help you determine what combination of acne scar treatments suits your needs.

How Do I Choose the Right Treatment for My Rolling Scars?

Choosing the right acne scar treatment for rolling acne scars depends on several factors, such as the severity of the scars, your skin type and your personal preferences. It’s important to evaluate how deep and extensive the scars are, since deeper or more severe acne scars might require more intensive treatments like laser resurfacing or subcision. Chemical peels or microneedling could be sufficient for less severe scars.

Conclusion

Rolling scars can be a challenging skin concern, but understanding their causes and exploring the various treatment options can make a significant difference. You can prevent and treat rolling acne scars by maintaining a consistent skincare routine, using the right products, following a healthy diet, implementing lifestyle changes and seeking professional advice when needed.

If you’re ready to take the next step in your skincare journey, consider consulting with our skin specialist at Lux Aesthetic Clinic to develop a personalised treatment plan. With the right approach, achieving a more even skin texture is within reach.

Hypertrophic Scar: What Is It, Causes and Treatment Options

Scars are a natural part of the skin healing process, but not all scars heal the same. Hypertrophic scars, for example, can become overly prominent on the skin. If you’re facing issues with this type of scar, understanding what they are, their causes and the available treatment options can help you manage their appearance effectively. This post covers all the basics about this type of scar and offers practical treatment strategies to reduce its visibility.

What are Hypertrophic Scars?

Hypertrophic scars are raised, red and thickened areas of skin that form at the site of a wound. Unlike keloid scars, which can extend beyond the original wound, hypertrophic scars tend to stay within the boundaries of the injury. They are the result of an overproduction of collagen during the healing process.

Typically, these hypertrophic scars develop after burns, cuts, piercings or other skin injuries. Their appearance can vary, but they often appear red or purple and feel firm or rubbery. It’s worth noting that hypertrophic scars can fade and become less noticeable over time, although they rarely disappear without intervention.

Causes of Hypertrophic Scars

Understanding the causes of hypertrophic scars is crucial for prevention and effective management. These scars arise from the body’s excessive response to skin injury, involving several key factors that influence their development:

Depth and Severity of the Wound

Hypertrophic scars are more likely to develop when the wound is deep and severe. Deep wounds disrupt more skin tissue, and, as a result, the body’s healing process becomes more aggressive, leading to excessive collagen production, which forms a thick, raised scar. Surgical wounds, deep abrasions and injuries that reach into the dermis layer of the skin are typical examples that may evolve into hypertrophic scars.

Location of the Wound

The site of the injury significantly affects the likelihood of hypertrophic scarring. Areas of the body where the skin is naturally under more tension or is frequently moved, such as the shoulders, chest and joints like knees and elbows, are particularly prone to these types of hypertrophic scars. Skin tension interferes with healing, often leading to more pronounced scar formation.

Genetic Predisposition

Genetics play a critical role in how your skin heals. Some individuals are genetically predisposed to produce more fibrous tissue during healing, which can lead to more hypertrophic scars and keloids. If you have a family history of hypertrophic or other types of excessive scarring, such as keloids, you are at a higher risk of developing them as well.

Inadequate Wound Care

How a wound is cared for while it is healing can significantly impact the process and scar formation. Proper wound care involves keeping the wound clean, adequately dressed and moist. Poor wound care, leading to infection or prolonged healing times, can exacerbate the formation of hypertrophic scars. Bacteria can also increase inflammation, stimulating excessive collagen production as the body attempts to heal the wounded skin.

Infection During Healing

Infections can severely disrupt the normal healing process and lead to worse scarring. Bacteria and the resultant immune response increase the production of growth factors that stimulate fibroblast activity and collagen production, key components in hypertrophic scar formation.

Excessive Movement or Tension on the Wound

Mechanical stress on a healing wound is another significant factor that can lead to hypertrophic scarring. Suppose a wound is located in an area of the body that experiences frequent movement. In that case, the continual stress can cause the wound to reopen or become irritated, leading to more scar tissue as the body attempts to heal repeatedly.

How to Identify Hypertrophic Scars

Hypertrophic scars are notable for several key characteristics that can help their recognition and management. Here’s how you can identify them:

  • Redness and raised texture. Hypertrophic scars are predominantly raised above the surface of the surrounding skin and typically exhibit a red or pink hue when they first form. This colouration can fade, but the raised nature remains a consistent feature. The texture of these scars is also distinctive; they can feel firm or rubbery to the touch.
  • Firmness and thickness. The tissue of hypertrophic scars is denser and thicker than the normal skin around them. This firmness is due to the body’s excessive collagen deposits that heal the wound. The dense collagen makes these scars stiffer and can contribute to the discomfort or itchiness that some individuals experience.
  • Size and shape. While hypertrophic scars are contained within the boundaries of the original injury, they can thicken and become more pronounced over time. They do not, however, extend beyond the original wound area, unlike keloid scars, which are characterised by their growth outside the initial boundaries of the wound.
  • Change over time. Initially bright red or pink, hypertrophic scars may change colour as they mature, often paler than the surrounding skin. Despite these changes, the raised nature of the scar typically persists.
  • Symptoms. It is common for hypertrophic scars to be itchy or uncomfortable, especially in the early stages of their development. Some individuals may also experience pain, particularly when the scar is in an area of frequent movement.

Treatment Options for Hypertrophic Scars

While hypertrophic scars can be persistent, various treatment options are available to manage and reduce their appearance. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the scar’s size, age and location. Here’s a look at some popular treatments:

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections are a common treatment for hypertrophic scars. These injections help reduce inflammation and flatten the scar over time. Administered directly into the scar tissue, they decrease collagen production and soften the scar’s texture.

Typically, several injections are required over several weeks or months to achieve the desired results. While effective, it’s important to discuss potential side effects with a healthcare provider, as prolonged use can lead to skin thinning or discolouration.

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is another option for treating hypertrophic scars. This treatment uses focused light beams to remove the outer layer of skin or stimulate collagen production beneath the surface. The specific type of laser used can vary depending on the scar’s characteristics.

Laser therapy can improve the texture and colour of hypertrophic scars, making them less noticeable. However, multiple sessions might be needed to see significant improvement.

Surgical Excision

In some cases, surgical excision might be considered for hypertrophic scars. This involves cutting out the scar tissue and closing the wound with sutures. While this method can effectively remove the hypertrophic scar, the new wound may develop into another hypertrophic scar. Surgical excision is often combined with other treatments like corticosteroid injections or silicone sheets to support optimal healing.

Six Prevention Tips for Hypertrophic Scars

Preventing hypertrophic scars is often easier than treating them. Here are six tips to treat hypertrophic scars and help reduce the likelihood of their formation:

1. Ensure proper wound care

Proper wound management is crucial for preventing hypertrophic scars. Begin by gently cleaning the wound with mild soap and water to remove debris and bacteria. This step minimises the risk of infection, which is crucial as it can complicate the healing process and increase the chances of severe scarring.

Once the wound is clean, apply an appropriate sterile dressing. The dressing acts as a barrier against bacteria and helps keep the wound environment moist, which is conducive to better healing. 

Change the dressing as recommended to maintain cleanliness. Keeping the wound covered protects it from external irritants and reduces the chances of further injury, allowing the skin to heal smoothly and with minimal scar formation.

2. Apply silicone sheets or ointments

Silicone-based products are highly regarded for their effectiveness in scar management, particularly in preventing and treating hypertrophic scars. Silicone sheets or ointments cover the wound or scar, providing a protective layer that helps retain moisture and regulate collagen production. This environment discourages the excessive collagen buildup typical of hypertrophic scars.

For best results, consistently apply silicone sheets or ointments to the healed wound. This continuous application can significantly reduce the risk of developing thick, raised scars, promoting a flatter and less noticeable appearance.

3. Minimise tension on the wound

Physical stress on a healing wound is key to developing hypertrophic scars. To prevent this, avoid activities that might stretch or strain the wound area. Excessive movement can pull apart new tissue, causing the wound to heal with increased scar tissue.

Use support bandages or garments to immobilise and protect the area, especially if the wound is in a high-movement region, such as joints or areas prone to stretching. Maintaining the natural tension balance of the skin helps ensure that the healing process progresses without additional stress, reducing the potential for hypertrophic scarring.

4. Keep the scar moisturised

Maintaining hydration in the scar and surrounding skin is crucial for promoting healing and flexibility in the skin tissues. Regularly applying hydrating creams or oils keeps the scar and surrounding area supple, reducing the risk of the scar becoming rigid and raised.

Choose moisturisers appropriate for wound care – typically non-comedogenic and free from irritants. Keeping the scar moisturised helps with the skin’s elasticity and alleviates itching and discomfort that can accompany wound healing.

5. Treat inflammation early

Inflammation can make scar formation worse, making early intervention critical. If you notice signs of redness, swelling, or warmth, these indicate inflammation that could lead to excessive scarring. Treat these symptoms promptly with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory creams, or consult your doctor for more specific treatments.

Additionally, manage any underlying skin conditions, such as dermatitis, which can contribute to the problem. Early medical intervention can prevent these conditions from worsening the scar’s appearance.

6. Protect from sun exposure

Sun exposure can darken scars and make them more prominent and noticeable. Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF or covering the scarred area with clothing or a bandage when outdoors helps protect it from harmful UV rays. 

Consistent sun protection prevents darkening and supports the natural fading process, keeping the scar less noticeable over time. This is especially important during the first year of the wound healing process, as the scar tissue is still maturing and more susceptible to changes caused by UV radiation.

How long do hypertrophic scars take to heal?

Healing times for hypertrophic scars can vary significantly. Some scars may begin to flatten and fade within months, while others might take several years. The scar’s size, depth, location and individual skin characteristics influence the healing timeline.

While hypertrophic scars may never completely disappear, they often become less noticeable with time and appropriate treatment. Consistency in following recommended care routines and treatment plans can expedite the healing process and improve outcomes.

Can hypertrophic scars disappear on their own?

Hypertrophic scars have the potential to improve over time, but they rarely disappear completely without intervention. The body’s natural healing process can lead to a gradual reduction in size and elevation, making the scar less prominent.

However, achieving optimal results often requires proactive treatment. Consulting with a healthcare professional to discuss potential treatment options ensures you can effectively make informed decisions about managing your scars.

Are hypertrophic scars painful?

Hypertrophic scars can sometimes be associated with discomfort, such as pain or itching. The raised, firm texture of the scar tissue can lead to irritation, especially if the scar is located in an area prone to movement or friction.

If you experience persistent pain or itching, seeking medical advice is important. A healthcare professional can assess the scar and recommend suitable treatments to alleviate discomfort and improve the overall appearance.

What are the differences between hypertrophic scars and keloid scars?

Hypertrophic and keloid scars are both raised scars, but have distinct characteristics. Hypertrophic scars remain within the boundaries of the original wound, whereas a keloid scar or scars can extend beyond it, invading surrounding tissue.

Keloid scars tend to be more aggressive and can grow over time, even after the wound has healed. In contrast, hypertrophic scars are less likely to grow and may gradually flatten. Treatment approaches for these two types of scars can differ, so accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Can hypertrophic scars return after treatment?

While effective treatments can significantly reduce the appearance of hypertrophic scars, there is a possibility of recurrence. This is particularly true if the underlying causes, such as tension or inadequate wound care, are not addressed.

To minimise the various risk factors of recurrence, following recommended prevention tips and maintaining consistent scar care is important. Regular check-ins with a healthcare professional can help monitor the scar’s progress and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Conclusion

Managing hypertrophic scars involves a combination of preventive care and active treatment. By understanding the causes and exploring available treatment options, you can effectively control the appearance of these scars. Remember, consulting with a doctor can provide you with tailored advice and treatment plans suited to your needs.

Ice Pick Scars: What Is It, Causes and Treatment

Ice pick scars result from severe acne damaging the underlying skin tissue. Although they are difficult to treat, various methods can help reduce their appearance.

This article aims to provide essential information on the causes, characteristics and treatment options for this particular acne scar. Whether you’re looking to prevent these scars from forming or seeking ways to make them less noticeable, you’ll find comprehensive insights within these pages. With the right information and approach, you can take steps towards healthier skin.

What are Ice Pick Acne Scars?

Ice pick scars are characterised by a narrow, deep and pitted appearance resembling puncture marks. These are among the most challenging scars to treat and are a common form of atrophic acne scar. They form when a severe acne lesion damages the skin, extending deep into the dermis. The inflammation from the acne lesions causes tissue damage, creating a narrow, deep indentation.

Causes of Ice Pick Scars

The primary cause of ice pick scars is severe inflammatory acne, particularly cystic acne.  These severe acne breakouts cause inflammation that extends deep into the skin’s inner layers, damaging the tissue. This damage destroys collagen, a protein that provides the skin structure and support, resulting in deep, narrow scars. While the body attempts to repair the damaged skin by producing collagen, it sometimes fails to produce enough to fill the depression, forming ice pick scars. 

Picking or squeezing acne lesions can worsen inflammation and further damage the skin, increasing the likelihood of acne scarring.

How Ice Pick Scars Differ from Other Acne Scars

Ice pick scars differ from other acne scars in appearance and treatment challenges. Boxcar scars are broad and shallow with well-defined edges, while rolling scars have a wave-like appearance with a smoother surface.

In contrast, ice pick scars are deep, narrow indentations resembling small holes or puncture wounds. The severity and texture of ice pick scars often make them difficult to treat, as they penetrate deeper into the dermis than superficial scars.

Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting appropriate ice pick scar treatment options, as each type of scar may respond differently to various interventions.

Ice Pick Scar Treatment Options

Due to their depth and unique structure, ice pick scars are challenging to treat and often require professional intervention. Various treatments offer different benefits and work uniquely to improve scar appearance.

Chemical Peel

Chemiccal peel

Chemical peel uses acidic solutions to remove the top layers of skin, promoting the growth of new skin. By exfoliating the outermost layer, chemical peels can help reduce the depth of ice pick scars. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) chemical peel, particularly the CROSS technique, is used for treating ice pick acne scars. 

This method involves the application of high concentrations of TCA directly in the scar. This localised treatment helps reorganise the dermal structure, encouraging new collagen formation and elevating the indented scar.

Radiofrequency Microneedling

Radiofrequency Microneedling is a minimally invasive cosmetic procedure that utilises fine needles stamped onto the skin to create small punctures. While in the skin, these fine needles produce radio frequency to aid in collagen production. These controlled micro-injuries, together with radio frequency, stimulate the body’s natural healing process, promoting collagen production and skin regeneration. As new collagen forms, it helps fill the deep indentations, gradually making their appearance less noticeable.

Laser Therapy

Laser treatments, such as Fractional CO2 lasers, target the skin’s deeper layers to promote collagen production and skin renewal. 

Fractional CO2 lasers create micro-columns of thermal damage in the skin, triggering the body’s healing response. Fractional CO2 lasers remove the outer layer of damaged skin, allowing new, healthier skin to replace it. Laser therapy can significantly reduce the depth and visibility of ice pick scars by stimulating collagen and elastin production.

Fillers

Dermal fillers containing hyaluronic acid can be used to elevate depressed scars. Injectable hyaluronic acid is the most common type used for this procedure. Fillers add volume to the scarred area, reducing the appearance of indentations.

Punch Technique

  • Punch grafting. This technique involves the removal of the scar and replacing it with a skin graft from another area of the body, such as behind the ear. Punch grafting may be employed for sharply defined or deep ice pick scars.
  • Punch excision. Punch excision uses a circular punch tool to remove the scar tissue, allowing the skin to heal with a linear scar that is generally less noticeable. This technique transforms narrow, deep scars into flat, linear scars that can be more easily treated with subsequent procedures like laser resurfacing.
  • Punch elevation. The scar is cut out using a punch tool smaller than the original scar. This creates a smaller wound, and the base of the scar is eventually elevated, creating a smoother transition with the surrounding skin. This technique is particularly useful for shallow ice pick scars.

Why Should You Treat Ice Pick Acne Scars

Improve Skin Appearance

One of the primary reasons to treat ice pick scars is to improve overall skin appearance. Ice pick scars can create an uneven skin texture. Addressing these scars can help individuals achieve a more uniform complexion. Treatments such as microneedling, laser resurfacing and chemical peels target the underlying damage, aiming to reduce scar visibility and improve skin texture.

Achieve Even Skin Tone

Certain treatments can help even out skin tone, making scars less noticeable. Chemical peels and laser therapy, in particular, can address hyperpigmentation and discolouration associated with acne scars. By promoting the growth of new skin, these treatments can improve overall skin tone.

Preventing Further Damage

Untreated ice pick scars can become more pronounced over time, especially if underlying acne persists. Proactively treating these scars may improve your skin’s appearance and help reduce the risk of further skin damage and scarring.

Supports Long-Term Skin Health

Treatments like Radiofrequency microneedling and Fractional CO2 lasers, can support long-term skin health by stimulating collagen production. Increased collagen helps maintain the skin’s structure and elasticity, potentially reducing the likelihood of future scarring.

How To Prevent Ice Pick Scars

1. Treat acne promptly and consistently.

Addressing acne breakouts promptly reduces the chance of deep inflammation and scarring. Early treatment can prevent acne from progressing to a severe stage, leading to ice pick scars.

2. Resist the urge to pick, pop, or squeeze pimples.

Upset asian girl checking for pimples, looking at mirror

Picking or squeezing acne can worsen inflammation, leading to deeper skin damage and an increased risk of scarring. Instead, allow blemishes to heal naturally and consider using spot treatments to reduce their size.

3. Maintain a gentle skincare routine.

Establish a consistent skincare routine incorporating gentle cleansing, exfoliation and hydration to minimise the risk of acne breakouts. Using non-comedogenic products can further reduce the chance of clogged pores.

4. Avoid prolonged sun exposure.

Sun exposure can delay the healing process of acne and increase the risk of scarring. Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen can protect your skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays. This not only helps in preventing new scars but also preserves the results of any treatments received.

5. Consult with a professional.

Regular check-ins with an aesthetic doctor can help monitor your skin’s health and detect potential issues early. They can recommend personalised skincare regimens and treatment options that align with your skin concerns, significantly lowering the risk of developing ice pick scars.

Can ice-pick acne scars heal on their own?

Ice pick scars rarely heal on their own. The deep nature of these scars often requires professional treatments to see noticeable changes.

Are ice-pick acne scars permanent?

Ice pick scars are generally permanent due to their deep and narrow nature, which makes them resistant to natural healing processes. However, various acne scar treatments can reduce their appearance, making them less noticeable.

How long does it take to see results from ice pick acne scar treatments?

Results vary depending on the treatment type, individual skin types and the severity of the scars. It may take several weeks to months to notice changes, and some treatments require multiple sessions.

Can home remedies be effective for ice-pick acne scars?

Home remedies might not provide the same level of effectiveness as professional dermatological treatments, but they may offer some benefits in improving skin texture and promoting healing. Selecting appropriate remedies that align with your skin type and conditions is also important to help reduce the risk of skin irritations.

What are the potential side effects of ice pick acne scar treatments?

Potential side effects from treatments for ice pick scars may vary depending on the procedure used. Common side effects include discomfort, redness, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, swelling and temporary skin sensitivity in the treated area.

Is it possible to get rid of ice pick acne scars after treatment?

While eliminating ice pick scars may not always be achievable, scar reduction can be achieved following appropriate treatment. Patient adherence to treatment regimens and aftercare advice is crucial for promoting better outcomes, as this consistency supports the healing process.

How much do treatments for ice pick acne scars cost in Singapore?

The cost can vary depending on the type of treatment, the extent of the scarring and the frequency of the chosen treatment. TCA CROSS treatment typically starts from $250*. Our doctor will work with you to determine the best treatment options and create a personalised care plan.

Can diet and lifestyle changes help prevent ice pick acne scars?

Diet and lifestyle changes can help improve skin health and reduce the risk of severe acne and scarring. Maintaining a balanced diet and proper hydration supports skin health. Reducing stress, getting adequate sleep and following a consistent skincare routine can also help prevent acne breakouts.

How do I choose the right treatment for my ice pick acne scar?

Choosing the right treatment for ice pick acne scars involves consulting with a qualified professional who can evaluate your skin type, scar severity and overall skin health. They can recommend tailored treatments based on your needs, helping you make an informed choice.

Can ice-pick acne scars recur after treatment?

While treated scars typically do not recur, new acne breakouts can cause new scars if not properly managed. Maintaining good skin care practices and addressing acne can help prevent future acne scarring.

Conclusion

Ice pick scars can be stubborn, but with the right treatment, improvements are possible. Understanding the different acne treatment options and consulting with an aesthetic doctor can help improve your skin’s appearance. Remember, prevention is important, so practising good skincare habits and seeking early treatment for acne can help reduce the likelihood of developing ice pick scars.

Keloid Scar: What Is It, Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

One of the most challenging scars to remove are keloid scars. These raised, often itchy scars can grow beyond the original wound, making people who have them self-conscious.

Understanding their causes, symptoms, and various treatment options can help reduce their appearance.

What is a Keloid Scar?

A keloid scar is a raised scar that occurs due to the overgrowth of scar tissue at a healed skin injury. Unlike normal scars, keloid scars extend beyond the original wound and can grow over time. 

They are characterised by their thick, raised appearance and are typically more pronounced than hypertrophic scars.

What Does a Keloid Scar Look Like?

As mentioned above, keloid scars appear to be raised, smooth, and shiny on the skin. Depending on the person’s skin colour, they can vary from pink to red or even dark brown. They often feel firm to the touch and sometimes tender, itchy, or even painful.

Where are Keloid Scars Commonly Found?

Keloid scars can grow anywhere on the body where there has been skin injury, but they are most commonly found in the following areas:

  • Chest. Particularly common after the occurrence of acne scars or surgical procedures.
  • Shoulders and upper arms. It often results from skin injuries or vaccinations.
  • Ears. It is frequently seen after ear piercing, especially on the earlobes.
  • Neck. It can develop from cuts, surgical incisions or acne scars.
  • Back. Typically, they form after an acne breakout or from surgical incisions.

Causes of Keloid Scars

Keloid scarring occurs due to an overproduction of collagen during the wound-healing process. Different factors can increase the risk of developing keloid scar, including:

  • Genetic component. A strong genetic predisposition can make some people more likely to develop keloids.
  • Skin colour. Individuals with darker skin tones, such as brown or black skin, are more prone to keloid formation.
  • Type of skin injury. Keloids can form after acne scars, surgical incisions, piercings, cuts, burns and even insect bites.
  • Location of injury. Areas like the chest, shoulders and earlobes are more susceptible to keloid scars.
  • Age. Younger individuals, especially those in their teens to early twenties, are more likely to develop keloids.

Early Signs and Symptoms of Keloid Scars

The early signs and symptoms of keloid scars include:

  • Pain. You may feel pain in the affected area, especially as the keloid grows.
  • Itching. Itchiness is a common early symptom, often indicating the start of keloid formation.
  • Tenderness. The scar tissue can feel tender to the touch.

Treatment Options for Keloid Scars

Keloid scar removal can be challenging, but various treatment options are available to help reduce their size and appearance.

Corticosteroid Injections

Corticosteroid injections are one of the most common treatments for keloid scars. They work by reducing inflammation and slowing down collagen production, which helps to flatten the scar tissue. 

Typically, multiple injections over several months are required for optimal results.

Laser Therapy

Laser therapy uses concentrated light beams to reduce the appearance of keloid scars. The laser treatment damages and shrinks the scar tissue’s blood vessels. Laser therapy can be particularly effective when combined with other treatments like corticosteroid injections.

Surgical Excision

Surgical excision involves cutting out the keloid scar. While this method can effectively remove the keloid, there is a high risk of recurrence, often in larger scars. 

Combining surgery with other treatments like corticosteroid injections or radiation therapy can reduce the risk of the keloid returning.

Topical Treatments

Topical keloid scar treatments like silicone gel pads can help flatten and soften the scars. These products create a barrier that reduces collagen production, helping to improve the scar’s appearance over time. 

They are often used in conjunction with other treatments for improved outcomes. They can also help ease itching as the wound heals.

How To Prevent Keloid Scars?

Avoid skin injuries

While we can’t avoid cuts and scrapes entirely, minimising skin injuries can help prevent keloid scars. Wearing protective gear during sports or activities that could result in cuts or abrasions can reduce the risk of developing keloids.

Conduct proper wound care

Proper wound care is important in preventing keloid scarring. Keeping wounds clean and covered promotes healthy wound healing and reduces the likelihood of excessive scar tissue formation. Basic wound care tips include:

  • Clean the wound with mild soap and water immediately after a cut or abrasion.
  • Apply an antiseptic to the affected area.
  • Cover the wound with a sterile bandage to keep it moist and protect it from microbes.

Use silicone sheets or gel

Silicone sheets or gel prevent keloid scars by protecting the wound. These products help hydrate the skin and reduce excessive collagen production, which can minimise scar formation. 

To use silicone gel sheets, apply them directly to the healed wound according to product instructions.

Protect the scar from sun exposure

Sun exposure can worsen scars by causing hyperpigmentation. That’s why protecting your scars from the sun by using any sunscreen and wearing protective clothing can help them heal more evenly. This is particularly important for fresh scars and those prone to keloid formation.

Monitor recent piercings

Recent piercings, especially ear piercings, can increase the risk of developing keloids. Regularly cleaning the piercing and avoiding trauma to the area can help prevent keloid formation.

Avoiding body piercings if you have a history of developing keloids is also advisable.

Consult with a professional

If you have a history of keloid scars or notice changes in your skin after an injury, consult with a professional immediately. Early treatment can help minimise the risk of keloid formation and ensure proper wound healing.

Are keloid scars dangerous?

Keloid scars are generally not dangerous to your overall health. However, they can cause discomfort, pain and itching. In some cases, large keloids can restrict movement, particularly if they are located near joints. 

Can keloid scars recur after treatment?

Yes, keloid scars can recur after treatment. The rates of recurrence vary depending on the treatment methods used and individual factors. Combining treatments, such as surgical excision with corticosteroid injections, can reduce the likelihood of keloid scars recurring.

What is the difference between keloids and hypertrophic scars?

Keloid and hypertrophic scars are both raised scars, but have distinct differences. A keloid scar grows beyond the original wound boundary and can continue to enlarge over time. 

In contrast, a hypertrophic scar remains confined to the original wound area and often flattens and sometimes fades over time. Hypertrophic scars are generally less challenging to treat than keloid scars.

Can keloid scars affect tattooed skin?

Tattooed skin is at risk of developing these scars, particularly in individuals prone to keloids. The trauma from the tattoo needle can trigger keloid formation. It’s essential to discuss this risk with a professional before getting a tattoo, especially if you have a history of keloids.

Can children get keloid scars?

Yes, children can develop keloid scars, particularly if they have a genetic predisposition. Parents should closely monitor any injuries or piercings and seek advice from a skin specialist if they notice any signs of keloid formation. Early treatment can help manage keloid scars in children effectively.

Conclusion

Keloid scars can be a significant concern for many individuals, but understanding their causes, symptoms, and different treatment options can help prevent and manage them effectively.

If you are concerned about keloid scars, consult a professional to explore the most suitable treatment options. Taking proactive steps to prevent keloids and seeking early treatment can improve skin health and well-being.