Cystic acne is a severe form of acne that can be particularly distressing due to its painful and persistent nature. Affecting both appearance and self-esteem, this condition requires a deep understanding and comprehensive treatment approach. This article aims to explain cystic acne by exploring its causes, symptoms, and available acne treatments now.
What is Cystic Acne?
Cystic acne is a type of acne that forms when hair follicles become clogged with sebum, dead skin cells, excess oil, and bacteria. Unlike other forms of acne, cystic acne is characterised by large, inflamed, and pus-filled lesions that develop deep within the skin.
Cystic acne begins much like other types of acne, with the clogging of hair follicles due to an overproduction of sebum and the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells. When bacteria invade these clogged pores, inflammation occurs, leading to the formation of cysts. These cysts are painful and red, and can persist for weeks or even months.
How It Differs from Other Types of Acne
Cystic acne differs significantly from other forms of acne, such as papules, pustules, whiteheads, and blackheads.
- Papules are small, red, tender bumps without pus, typically caused by inflammation. They often result from acne and can be slightly painful to touch.
- Pustules have a central core of pus with a red base, appearing as raised, white bumps surrounded by inflamed skin. They are commonly associated with acne and infections.
- Whiteheads are closed comedones, where the pore is completely blocked by sebum and dead skin cells. They appear as small, white bumps and are a form of non-inflammatory acne.
- Blackheads are open comedones where the pore is partially blocked, allowing the trapped material to oxidise and turn black. They are commonly found on the nose and chin and are a form of mild acne.
Unlike these milder forms, cystic acne is deeper, more inflamed, and carries a higher risk of the most severe form of scarring.
What are the Signs and Symptoms of Cystic Acne?
Several key characteristics can help identify cystic acne:
- Painful, Deep Lesions: The cysts are located deep within the skin and can be extremely painful, often causing discomfort and tenderness in the affected areas.
- Pus-Filled: These lesions contain pus and are often red or swollen, leading to visible inflammation and a feeling of pressure or tightness in the skin.
- Persistent: Cystic acne lasts longer than other forms of acne, sometimes persisting for months. This prolonged duration can lead to significant emotional distress and may require ongoing treatment to manage effectively.
Common Locations
Cystic acne can appear on various body parts, with the most common locations being the face, back, chest, and shoulders.
- Face: The face is one of the most frequently affected areas, particularly the cheeks, jawline, and chin. The visibility of facial cystic acne can lead to significant self-consciousness and emotional distress.
- Back: Often referred to as “bacne,” cystic acne on the back can be particularly uncomfortable due to the pressure from clothing and backpacks. The skin on the back is thicker, which can lead to more severe infections and larger cysts.
- Chest: The chest area is another common site for cystic acne, often linked to hormonal fluctuations and sweating. The appearance of cysts here can be distressing and uncomfortable, particularly when engaging in physical activities.
- Shoulders: The shoulders are susceptible to cystic acne, especially in individuals who engage in sports or wear tight clothing. This area can be prone to friction and pressure, exacerbating the condition.
Potential for Scarring
Due to its severity and depth, cystic acne carries a significant risk of scarring, often leaving behind deep, pitted marks that can be challenging to treat. This can result in both physical and emotional distress, including lowered self-esteem and anxiety, further underscoring the importance of effective treatment. Addressing cystic acne promptly with medical intervention and supportive skincare can help mitigate these long-term effects.
What Causes Cystic Acne?
The exact cause of cystic acne is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include:
Hormones
Hormones, particularly androgens like testosterone, play a pivotal role in the development of cystic acne. During puberty, hormonal fluctuations can increase sebum production by the sebaceous glands and lead to oily skin. This excess sebum and dead skin cells can clog pores and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth, ultimately forming cystic acne. Additionally, hormonal imbalances seen in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can further exacerbate acne issues.
Genetics
Individuals with a family history of severe acne are more likely to develop cystic acne themselves. If your parents or siblings have experienced this condition, you may be more genetically predisposed to it. Genetic factors can influence the skin’s response to hormonal changes and the immune system’s reaction to acne-causing bacteria, which are crucial in developing cystic acne.
Medications
Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, antidepressants, and certain types of oral contraceptives, can exacerbate acne. It’s essential to consult a medical practitioner if you notice a correlation between your medication and worsening acne. Adjusting the dosage of prescription medications or switching to an alternative treatment might help mitigate these side effects. Always consult a healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen.
Diet
While research is ongoing, some studies suggest a potential link between high glycemic index foods, dairy products, and acne. Foods like sugary snacks, white bread, and dairy may trigger hormonal changes that increase sebum production and inflammation, which may worsen acne. A balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins might help manage acne symptoms. Staying hydrated and avoiding excessive sugar and processed foods can also be beneficial.
Stress
Stress is known to exacerbate many skin conditions, including acne. When stressed, your body produces more cortisol and other stress hormones, which can lead to hormonal imbalances that contribute to the development of cystic acne. Practising stress management techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, exercise, and adequate sleep can help keep stress levels in check and may improve your skin’s condition.
What are the Risk Factors for Cystic Acne?
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing cystic acne:
- Age: Acne is most commonly observed in teenagers and young adults due to the hormonal changes during puberty. However, cystic acne can also persist into adulthood.
- Sex: Acne tends to be more prevalent in males. Men secrete much more oil because they produce higher levels of testosterone. Fluctuations in testosterone levels increase sebum production, and when this excess sebum combines with a clogged follicle, it leads to bacterial overgrowth, which causes inflammation and acne breakouts.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition affects hormone levels, leading to symptoms like irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, and an increased risk of developing cystic acne.
- Occupations: Jobs that expose individuals to oil, grease, or other industrial chemicals can exacerbate acne. This is often observed in occupations such as kitchen staff, mechanics, and oil industry workers.
How to Treat Cystic Acne
Treating cystic acne requires a multifaceted approach, often involving topical and oral medications and other treatments. Here’s a comprehensive look at the available acne treatment options:
Topical Medications
- Benzoyl Peroxide: An effective treatment that targets bacteria and reduces inflammation, making it a popular choice for mild to moderate acne. It is available in various forms, such as cleansers, creams, and gels.
- Retinoids: These vitamin A derivatives help prevent clogged pores by promoting cell turnover and are often used to treat acne and signs of ageing. They can come in prescription and over-the-counter strengths. Common retinoids that are used include Adapalene, Epiduo, and tretinoin creams.
- Salicylic Acid: Works by exfoliating the skin and unclogging pores. It is commonly found in face washes, spot treatments, and pads, making it a versatile option for many skin types.
- Short-term Antibiotics: Used to reduce bacteria and inflammation. These are typically prescribed for a short duration to avoid antibiotic resistance and are often used alongside other treatments.
Oral Medications
- Long-term Antibiotics: Help control bacterial growth and inflammation. These are usually prescribed for severe acne and are often combined with topical treatments for a more comprehensive approach.
- Oral Contraceptives: Effective for women with hormonal imbalances, these medications help regulate hormones that can trigger acne. They are often prescribed after consulting with a healthcare provider to ensure suitability.
- Isotretinoin: This potent medication is specifically reserved for severe cases that do not respond to other treatments. Due to its potential side effects and the necessity for close monitoring, it is typically prescribed by healthcare professionals at specialised clinics, such as Lux Medical Aesthetic Clinic.
Other Treatments
- Corticosteroid Injections: Used for severe cysts to reduce inflammation quickly. A doctor administers this treatment, providing rapid relief from painful, deep acne lesions.
- Light Therapy: Utilises specific wavelengths of light to reduce bacteria and inflammation. Different types of light therapy, such as blue and red, target various aspects of acne and are often used in conjunction with other treatments for optimal results.
- Carbon Laser: Carbon laser treatment can be used to help reduce the amount of bacteria on the skin surface and also to help reduce acne. This laser treatment requires no downtime and is recommended to be done every two weeks.
How to Prevent Cystic Acne
Preventing cystic acne involves maintaining a consistent skincare routine and adopting healthy lifestyle practices. Here are some detailed steps to help you manage and prevent cystic acne:
- Skincare Routine: Use gentle cleansers and oil-free moisturisers tailored to your skin type. Opt for products that are non-comedogenic and free of harsh chemicals. Avoid harsh scrubs and irritants that can aggravate the skin, as they can cause further inflammation and breakouts. Consider incorporating products with ingredients like salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide, which can help reduce acne. Opt for an oil-free sunscreen to prevent unnecessary clogging of pores.
- Healthy Diet: Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to give your skin essential nutrients. Foods high in antioxidants and vitamins can promote healthier skin. Monitor any dietary triggers that may exacerbate acne, such as dairy products or high-glycemic foods, and consider reducing their intake if they worsen your condition. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water is crucial for maintaining clear skin.
- Stress Management: Incorporate stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or regular exercise into your routine. Managing stress is important because stress can trigger hormonal changes that lead to acne flare-ups. Additionally, getting adequate sleep each night helps the body repair and regenerate skin cells, contributing to overall skin health.
By following these steps and making mindful choices about your skincare and lifestyle, you can better manage cystic acne and maintain clearer, healthier skin over time.
Conclusion
Cystic acne is challenging but can be managed effectively with the right approach. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for achieving clear skin and maintaining a positive self-image.
Remember, managing cystic acne is a journey. With persistence and the right support, clear skin is attainable. Consider booking a consultation with a medical practitioner for cystic acne treatment or visiting Lux Medical Aesthetic Clinic for personalised advice and treatments.
Stay positive and proactive in your skincare routine, and enjoy the confidence of healthy, clear skin.
Important Information
*prices stated are exclusive of 9% GST.
Nothing in this website constitutes or is intended to constitute medical advice and readers rely on the statements contained herein at their own risk. Treatment results, experiences and downtime (if any) may vary by individuals. Please make an appointment with our clinic for a thorough medical assessment of your condition and treatment requirements.
