Freckles: What Is It, Causes, Types and Treatment Options

Freckles are a common skin feature that many people have, but not everyone understands what they are or how they form. While some see freckles as unique and beautiful, others seek ways to reduce their appearance. In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about freckles, from their causes to the various treatment options available for you.

What are Freckles?

Freckles are small, dark spots on the skin, often appearing as tan, brown or red. While they’re not harmful, they are commonly a feature of one’s complexion and vary in size, colour and distribution.

Causes of Freckles

Genetic Factors

The formation of freckles is strongly influenced by a person’s genetics. People with fair or light skin colour, blond or red hair, and light-coloured eyes are more likely to develop freckles. The tendency to freckle is inherited, particularly through the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which affects melanin production in the skin.

Sun Exposure

Freckles often develop in response to sun exposure, as UV rays trigger the skin to produce more melanin as a protective response. It is why freckles are commonly found on sun-exposed skin, such as the face, arms, neck, and back. Freckles also tend to be more prominent in the summer and may fade when sun exposure is reduced, such as during autumn or winter.

Types of Freckles

Here are two types of freckles.

Ephelides

Ephelides are the classic freckles often associated with fair skin and red or blonde hair. They appear primarily due to sun exposure and can fade in the winter. These flat freckles are red or light brown and are commonly seen in people of European or North and East Asian descent.

Lentigines

Also known as age or liver spots, these freckles typically present as larger and darker brown spots than ephelides. They are associated with prolonged sun exposure and tend to appear as individuals age, particularly after 40, and do not fade with the seasons.

Feature Ephelides Lentigines
Colour Light tan to reddish-brown Dark brown to black
Size Small (1–2 mm in diameter) Larger (up to several cm in diameter)
Distribution Commonly found on the face, arms, and shoulders Often appear on sun-exposed areas like hands, shoulders, and face
Causes Primarily due to sun exposure Associated with ageing and prolonged sun exposure
Fading Can fade relatively quickly with reduced sun exposure Tend to remain constant and do not fade with seasons
Typical Skin Type More frequent in fair-skinned individuals More common in individuals with any skin type, especially older adults

Freckles vs Sunspots

Although freckles and sunspots might appear similar, they differ in origin and appearance.

  • Freckles are genetic and tend to fade without sun exposure.
  • Sunspots (solar lentigines or age spots) result from prolonged sun exposure and are typically larger and more defined than freckles. Sunspots also tend to persist longer and not fade as easily when sun exposure is reduced.

Freckles vs Moles

Woman with skin imperfections side view

It’s important to distinguish between freckles and moles, as they have different implications for your health.

  • Freckles are flat, light brown, and generally harmless.
  • Moles can be flat or raised. They vary in colour and could become cancerous, especially if they change in size, shape or colour over time.

Treatment Options for Freckles

Several options exist for individuals considering treatments to reduce the appearance of freckles. Below is an overview of some methods available:

1. Topical Treatments

Topical creams and acids can help lighten freckles over time. Common ingredients include alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), hydroquinone and retinoid, which promote skin cell turnover and reduce pigmentation.

2. Chemical Peels

The chemical peel procedure involves applying a solution to exfoliate the top layer of the skin and reveal newer, less pigmented skin beneath. This treatment can reduce the appearance of freckles but may require multiple sessions.

3. Laser Treatment

Laser treatment targets the melanin in freckles, breaking it down so the body can naturally remove it. This treatment may require several sessions for the desired results.

4. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)

IPL uses pulses of light to target pigmentation in the skin and reduce the appearance of freckles. It is typically less aggressive but may require more sessions before freckles become less noticeable.

When to Seek Medical Advice

If you notice any changes in your freckles, such as an increase in size, a change in colour, or irregular borders, it’s crucial to consult a doctor. Regular skin checkups are important if you have many freckles to help catch any potential issues early.

Conclusion

Freckles are a common facial feature, especially in individuals with lighter skin tones. While they’re usually harmless, being informed about their causes and the treatments available for you can assist in skin care decisions. If you’re ever in doubt, consult a doctor for advice on how to best care for your skin and monitor any changes.

How Hyperpigmentation Is Formed and How to Treat Them

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin concern characterized by dark patches or spots on the skin. At Lux Aesthetic clinic, we specialize in effective treatments to help you achieve a clearer, more radiant complexion. Understanding how hyperpigmentation forms and the available treatments can guide you in managing and improving your skin’s appearance.

What is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation occurs when certain areas of the skin produce more melanin than usual. Melanin is the pigment responsible for your skin’s colour. While hyperpigmentation itself is harmless, it can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals. The most common types of hyperpigmentation include:

  • Melasma: Often triggered by hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or birth control pills.
  • Sunspots: Also known as solar lentigines or age spots, these result from prolonged sun exposure.
  • Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Occurs after an injury or inflammation of the skin, such as acne.

How Hyperpigmentation Is Formed

Hyperpigmentation forms due to various factors that increase melanin production in the skin:

  • Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun stimulate melanin production. Over time, excessive sun exposure can lead to sunspots.
  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, particularly in women, can trigger melasma. This is common during pregnancy or with the use of hormonal contraceptives.
  • Skin Inflammation: Conditions like acne, eczema, or psoriasis can cause inflammation. Once the inflammation heals, it can leave behind dark spots or patches.
  • Genetics: Your genetic makeup can influence your susceptibility to developing hyperpigmentation.

Effective Treatments for Hyperpigmentation

At Lux Aesthetic clinic, we offer advanced treatments tailored to effectively reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation.

1.Laser Treatment

Laser treatment targets hyperpigmentation by emitting a focused beam of light that penetrates the skin to break down excess melanin.

  • Procedure: The laser targets pigmented areas without damaging the surrounding skin. This promotes the natural healing process to remove the pigment.
  • Benefits: Laser treatments are non-invasive, offer minimal discomfort, and provide significant improvement in skin tone and texture.
  • Zero downtime: Laser treatments that treat pigmentation include the Q-switch ND Yag laser and PICO laser. These laser treatments usually have no downtime and you will be able to go about your daily activities as per normal after the treatment 

2. Oral Supplements: Heliocare Luminance

Heliocare Luminance is an oral supplement that contains Fernblock® which has excellent DNA repair and anti-oxidant properties. It is designed to support skin brightening and reduces the formation of hyperpigmentation. It works by reducing hyperpigmentation from within, promoting a more even and radiant skin tone.

The four main ingredients in Heliocare Luminance are Fernblock, Glutathione, Nicotinamide, and Rosemary extract. These powerful antioxidants and natural plant extracts collaborate to shield the skin from UV damage and decrease melanin production.

Incorporating Heliocare Luminance into your daily routine, with 2 capsules—one in the morning and one in the evening—enhances the effectiveness of topical treatments and supports overall skin health.

Preventing Hyperpigmentation

Preventing hyperpigmentation can help maintain a more even skin tone. Here are some tips to help you prevent dark spots:

  • Use Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum SPF 50 or higher sunscreen daily to protect against harmful UV rays. You may also try out oral sunblock like Heliocare Oral Ultra to protect your skin against the sun!
  • Avoid Picking at Skin: Picking or squeezing pimples can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
  • Consistent Skincare Routine: Use products containing ingredients like vitamin C, retinoids, and niacinamide to help reduce the appearance of hyperpigmentation and prevent new spots from forming.

Conclusion

Hyperpigmentation can be a frustrating condition, but understanding its formation and the available treatments can help you manage and improve your skin’s appearance. At Lux Aesthetic clinic, we offer advanced treatments like laser therapy and oral supplements such as Heliocare Luminance to effectively combat hyperpigmentation. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards clearer, more radiant skin.